Abstract

learning differs fundamentally from that of vertebrates. Therefore, an inter-modal analysis of blocking for classical conditioning in the PER paradigm is required to test the independence assumption. We use visual and olfactory stimuli in a blocking study of PER conditioning. Such an extension of inter-modal blocking studies to the PER procedure will enable a physiological analysis of independence in these processing pathways (Joerges et al. 1997; Menzel and Mller, 1996), in particular with respect to an identified neurone that carries an internal reinforcement signal (Hammer, 1997). Materials and methods Worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) were caught, harnessed and fed (2 mol l sucrose solution) according to standard methods (Bitterman et al. 1983). On the following day, subjects were evaluated for unconditioned responses by touching one antenna with 2mol l sucrose solution. Only subjects that extended their proboscis were used in the training procedure. They were then plac

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