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An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2002)

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by Wei Ye , John Heidemann , Deborah Estrin
Citations:1479 - 37 self
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BibTeX

@MISC{Ye02anenergy-efficient,
    author = {Wei Ye and John Heidemann and Deborah Estrin},
    title = {An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks},
    year = {2002}
}

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Abstract

This paper proposes S-MAC, a medium-access control (MAC) protocol designed for wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks use battery-operated computing and sensing devices. A network of these devices will collaborate for a common application such as environmental monitoring. We expect sensor networks to be deployed in an ad hoc fashion, with individual nodes remaining largely inactive for long periods of time, but then becoming suddenly active when something is detected. These characteristics of sensor networks and applications motivate a MAC that is different from traditional wireless MACs such as IEEE 802.11 in almost every way: energy conservation and self-configuration are primary goals, while per-node fairness and latency are less important. S-MAC uses three novel techniques to reduce energy consumption and support self-configuration. To reduce energy consumption in listening to an idle channel, nodes periodically sleep. Neighboring nodes form virtual clusters to auto-synchronize on sleep schedules. Inspired by PAMAS, S-MAC also sets the radio to sleep during transmissions of other nodes. Unlike PAMAS, it only uses in-channel signaling. Finally, S-MAC applies message passing to reduce contention latency for sensor-network applications that require store-andforward processing as data move through the network. We evaluate our implementation of S-MAC over a sample sensor node, the Mote, developed at University of California, Berkeley. The experiment results show that, on a source node, an 802.11-like MAC consumes 2--6 times more energy than S-MAC for traffic load with messages sent every 1-10s.

Keyphrases

wireless sensor network    energy-efficient mac protocol    energy consumption    sensor network    battery-operated computing    idle channel    novel technique    in-channel signaling    common application    experiment result    long period    s-mac us    traffic load    sample sensor node    energy conservation    per-node fairness    source node    sleep schedule    medium-access control    neighboring node form virtual cluster    traditional wireless mac    environmental monitoring    store-andforward processing    support self-configuration    ad hoc fashion    individual node    contention latency    sensor-network application    11-like mac    primary goal   

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