An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

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An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2002)

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by Wei Ye , John Heidemann , Deborah Estrin

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1514 - 36 self

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@MISC{Ye02anenergy-efficient,
    author = {Wei Ye and John Heidemann and Deborah Estrin},
    title = {An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks},
    year = {2002}
}

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Abstract

This paper proposes S-MAC, a medium-access control (MAC) protocol designed for wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks use battery-operated computing and sensing devices. A network of these devices will collaborate for a common application such as environmental monitoring. We expect sensor networks to be deployed in an ad hoc fashion, with individual nodes remaining largely inactive for long periods of time, but then becoming suddenly active when something is detected. These characteristics of sensor networks and applications motivate a MAC that is different from traditional wireless MACs such as IEEE 802.11 in almost every way: energy conservation and self-configuration are primary goals, while per-node fairness and latency are less important. S-MAC uses three novel techniques to reduce energy consumption and support self-configuration. To reduce energy consumption in listening to an idle channel, nodes periodically sleep. Neighboring nodes form virtual clusters to auto-synchronize on sleep schedules. Inspired by PAMAS, S-MAC also sets the radio to sleep during transmissions of other nodes. Unlike PAMAS, it only uses in-channel signaling. Finally, S-MAC applies message passing to reduce contention latency for sensor-network applications that require store-andforward processing as data move through the network. We evaluate our implementation of S-MAC over a sample sensor node, the Mote, developed at University of California, Berkeley. The experiment results show that, on a source node, an 802.11-like MAC consumes 2--6 times more energy than S-MAC for traffic load with messages sent every 1-10s.

Keyphrases

wireless sensor network energy-efficient mac protocol energy consumption sensor network battery-operated computing idle channel novel technique in-channel signaling common application experiment result long period s-mac us traffic load sample sensor node energy conservation per-node fairness source node sleep schedule medium-access control neighboring node form virtual cluster traditional wireless mac environmental monitoring store-andforward processing support self-configuration ad hoc fashion individual node contention latency sensor-network application 11-like mac primary goal

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