Abstract

De-Noising with the traditional (orthogonal, maximally-decimated) wavelet transform sometimes exhibits visual artifacts; we attribute some of these – for example, Gibbs phenomena in the neighborhood of discontinuities – to the lack of translation invariance of the wavelet basis. One method to suppress such artifacts, termed “cycle spinning ” by Coifman, is to “average out ” the translation dependence. For a range of shifts, one shifts the data (right or left as the case may be), De-Noises the shifted data, and then unshifts the de-noised data. Doing this for each of a range of shifts, and averaging the several results so obtained, produces a reconstruction subject to far weaker Gibbs phenomena than thresholding based De-Noising using the traditional orthogonal wavelet transform. Cycle-Spinning over the range of all circulant shifts can be accomplished in order nlog 2(n) time; it is equivalent to de-noising using the undecimated or stationary wavelet transform. Cycle-spinning exhibits benefits outside of wavelet de-noising, for example in cosine packet denoising, where it helps suppress ‘clicks’. It also has a counterpart in frequency domain de-noising, where the goal of translation-invariance is replaced by modulation invariance, and the central shift-De-Noise-unshift operation is replaced by modulate-De-Noise-demodulate. We illustrate these concepts with extensive computational examples; all figures presented here are reproducible using the WaveLab software package. 1

Citations