Real-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling for Low-Power Embedded Operating Systems

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Real-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling for Low-Power Embedded Operating Systems (2001)

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by Padmanabhan Pillai , Kang G. Shin

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501 - 4 self

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@INPROCEEDINGS{Pillai01real-timedynamic,
    author = {Padmanabhan Pillai and Kang G. Shin},
    title = {Real-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling for Low-Power Embedded Operating Systems},
    booktitle = {},
    year = {2001},
    pages = {89--102}
}

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Abstract

In recent years, there has been a rapid and wide spread of nontraditional computing platforms, especially mobile and portable computing devices. As applications become increasingly sophisticated and processing power increases, the most serious limitation on these devices is the available battery life. Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) has been a key technique in exploiting the hardware characteristics of processors to reduce energy dissipation by lowering the supply voltage and operating frequency. The DVS algorithms are shown to be able to make dramatic energy savings while providing the necessary peak computation power in general-purpose systems. However, for a large class of applications in embedded real-time systems like cellular phones and camcorders, the variable operating frequency interferes with their deadline guarantee mechanisms, and DVS in this context, despite its growing importance, is largely overlooked/under-developed. To provide real-time guarantees, DVS must consider deadlines and periodicity of real-time tasks, requiring integration with the real-time scheduler. In this paper, we present a class of novel algorithms called real-time DVS (RT-DVS) that modify the OS's real-time scheduler and task management service to provide significant energy savings while maintaining real-time deadline guarantees. We show through simulations and a working prototype implementation that these RT-DVS algorithms closely approach the theoretical lower bound on energy consumption, and can easily reduce energy consumption 20% to 40% in an embedded real-time system.

Keyphrases

real-time dynamic voltage low-power embedded operating system energy consumption real-time scheduler available battery life real-time dvs variable operating frequency hardware characteristic wide spread power increase serious limitation large class operating frequency energy dissipation real-time task dvs algorithm cellular phone key technique general-purpose system necessary peak computation power embedded real-time system rt-dvs algorithm dynamic voltage scaling supply voltage significant energy saving novel algorithm real-time deadline guarantee task management service nontraditional computing platform working prototype implementation recent year real-time guarantee deadline guarantee mechanism dramatic energy saving real-time system

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