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Receiver-driven Layered Multicast (1996)

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by Steven McCanne , Van Jacobson , Martin Vetterli
Citations:737 - 22 self
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BibTeX

@MISC{McCanne96receiver-drivenlayered,
    author = {Steven McCanne and Van Jacobson and Martin Vetterli},
    title = { Receiver-driven Layered Multicast},
    year = {1996}
}

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Abstract

State of the art, real-time, rate-adaptive, multimedia applications adjust their transmission rate to match the available network capacity. Unfortunately, this source-based rate-adaptation performs poorly in a heterogeneous multicast environment because there is no single target rate — the conflicting bandwidth requirements of all receivers cannot be simultaneously satisfied with one transmission rate. If the burden of rate-adaption is moved from the source to the receivers, heterogeneity is accommodated. One approach to receiver-driven adaptation is to combine a layered source coding algorithm with a layered transmission system. By selectively forwarding subsets of layers at constrained network links, each user receives the best quality signal that the network can deliver. We and others have proposed that selective-forwarding be carried out using multiple IP-Multicast groups where each receiver specifies its level of subscription by joining a subset of the groups. In this paper, we extend the multiple group framework with a rate-adaptation protocol called Receiver-driven Layered Multicast, or RLM. Under RLM, multicast receivers adapt to both the static heterogeneity of link bandwidths as well as dynamic variations in network capacity (i.e., congestion). We describe the RLM protocol and evaluate its performance with a preliminary simulation study that characterizes user-perceived quality by assessing loss rates over multiple time scales. For the configurations we simulated, RLM results in good throughput with transient short-term loss rates on the order of a few percent and long-term loss rates on the order of one percent. Finally, we discuss our implementation of a software-based Internet video codec and its integration with RLM.

Keyphrases

abstract receiver-driven layered multicast    transmission rate    user-perceived quality    rlm protocol    receiver-driven adaptation    heterogeneous multicast environment    multicast receiver    available network capacity    rate-adaptation protocol    multiple group framework    network capacity    loss rate    transient short-term loss rate    layered source    layered multicast    source-based rate-adaptation performs    link bandwidth    constrained network link    rlm result    single target rate    good throughput    static heterogeneity    multiple time scale    preliminary simulation study    software-based internet video codec    transmission system    conflicting bandwidth requirement    quality signal    multiple ip-multicast group    dynamic variation    long-term loss rate    multimedia application   

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