Abstract

In this paper, we present a novel approach to synthetically generating bidirectional texture functions (BTFs) of real-world surfaces. Unlike a conventional two-dimensional texture, a BTF is a sixdimensional function that describes the appearance of texture as a function of illumination and viewing directions. The BTF captures the appearance change caused by visible small-scale geometric details on surfaces. From a sparse set of images under different viewing /lighting settings, our approach generates BTFs in three steps. First, it recovers approximate 3D geometry of surface details using a shape-from-shading method. Then, it generates a novel version of the geometric details that has the same statistical properties as the sample surface with a non-parametric sampling method. Finally, it employs an appearance preserving procedure to synthesize novel images for the recovered or generated geometric details under various viewing/lighting settings, which then define a BTF. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. CR Categories: I.2.10 [Artificial Intelligence]: Vision and Scene Understanding---modeling and recovery of physical attributes I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-dimensional Graphics and Realism---color, shading, shadowing, and texture I.4.8 [Image Processing]: Scene Analysis---color, photometry, shading Keywords: Bidirectional Texture Functions, Reflectance and Shading Models, Texture Synthesis, Shape-from-Shading, Photometric Stereo, Image-Based Rendering.

Citations