Training Products of Experts by Minimizing Contrastive Divergence

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Training Products of Experts by Minimizing Contrastive Divergence (2002)

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by Geoffrey E. Hinton

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850 - 75 self

BibTeX

@MISC{Hinton02trainingproducts,
    author = {Geoffrey E. Hinton},
    title = { Training Products of Experts by Minimizing Contrastive Divergence},
    year = {2002}
}

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Abstract

It is possible to combine multiple latent-variable models of the same data by multiplying their probability distributions together and then renormalizing. This way of combining individual “expert ” models makes it hard to generate samples from the combined model but easy to infer the values of the latent variables of each expert, because the combination rule ensures that the latent variables of different experts are conditionally independent when given the data. A product of experts (PoE) is therefore an interesting candidate for a perceptual system in which rapid inference is vital and generation is unnecessary. Training a PoE by maximizing the likelihood of the data is difficult because it is hard even to approximate the derivatives of the renormalization term in the combination rule. Fortunately, a PoE can be trained using a different objective function called “contrastive divergence ” whose derivatives with regard to the parameters can be approximated accurately and efficiently. Examples are presented of contrastive divergence learning using several types of expert on several types of data.

Keyphrases

contrastive divergence javier movellan training product combination rule several type latent variable probability distribution interesting candidate different expert perceptual system combined model rapid inference individual expert model renormalization term different objective function multiple latent-variable model

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