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Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control, 2011* National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians, Inc. (NASPHV)
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@MISC{_compendiumof,
author = {},
title = {Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control, 2011* National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians, Inc. (NASPHV)},
year = {}
}
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Abstract
Rabies is a fatal viral zoonosis and a serious public health problem (1). All mammals are believed to be susceptible to the disease, and for purposes of this document, use of the term “animal ” refers to mammals. The disease is an acute, progressive encephalitis caused by a lyssavirus. Rabies virus is the most important lyssavirus globally. In the United States, multiple rabies virus variants are maintained in wild mammalian reservoir populations such as raccoons, skunks, foxes, and bats. Although the U.S. has been declared free of canine rabies virus variant transmission, there is always a risk of reintroduction of these variants (2-6). The virus is usually transmitted from animal to animal through bites. The incubation period is highly variable. In domestic animals it is generally 3-12 weeks, but can range from several days to months, rarely exceeding 6 months (7). Rabies is communicable during the period of salivary shedding of rabies virus. Experimental and historic evidence document that dogs, cats, and ferrets shed virus a few days prior to clinical onset and during illness. Clinical signs of rabies are variable and include inappetance, dysphagia, cranial nerve deficits, abnormal behavior, ataxia, paralysis, altered vocalization, and seizures. Progression to death is rapid. There are currently no known effective rabies antiviral drugs. The recommendations in this compendium serve as a basis for animal rabies prevention and control programs throughout the United States and facilitate standardization of procedures among jurisdictions, thereby
Keyphrases
animal rabies prevention state public health veterinarian national association united state altered vocalization incubation period control program compendium serve several day progressive encephalitis serious public health problem salivary shedding cranial nerve deficit important lyssavirus domestic animal clinical onset fatal viral zoonosis rabies virus term animal refers include inappetance clinical sign effective rabies antiviral drug abnormal behavior 3-12 week variant transmission multiple rabies canine rabies wild mammalian reservoir population historic evidence document
