BibTeX
@MISC{Zaki_bremen.de,
author = {Yasir Zaki and Jay Chen and Thomas Pötsch and Talal Ahmad},
title = {bremen.de},
year = {}
}
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Abstract
Web access is prohibitively slow in many developing regions despite substantial effort to increase bandwidth and network penetration. In this paper, we explore the fundamental bot-tlenecks that cause poor web performance from a client’s perspective by carefully dissecting webpage load latency con-tributors in Ghana. Based on our measurements from 2012 to 2014, we find several interesting issues that arise due to the increasing complexity of web pages and number of server redirections required to completely render the assets of a page. We observe that, rather than bandwidth, the primary bottleneck of web performance in Ghana is the lack of good DNS servers and caching infrastructure. The main bottle-necks are: (a) Recursive DNS query resolutions; (b) HTTP redirections; (c) TLS/SSL handshakes. We experiment with a range of well-known end-to-end latency optimizations and find that simple DNS caching, redirection caching, and the use of SPDY can all yield substantial improvements to user-perceived latency.
Keyphrases
http redirections several interesting issue user-perceived latency substantial effort primary bottleneck web performance well-known end-to-end latency optimization network penetration redirection caching poor web performance webpage load latency con-tributors tl ssl handshake recursive dns query resolution simple dns caching web page client perspective main bottle-necks good dns server substantial improvement fundamental bot-tlenecks server redirections web access
