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The neural basis of human error processing: Reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity (2002)
| Venue: | PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW 109:679–709 |
| Citations: | 430 - 20 self |
BibTeX
@MISC{Holroyd02theneural,
author = {Clay B. Holroyd and Michael G. H. Coles},
title = {The neural basis of human error processing: Reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity},
year = {2002}
}
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Abstract
The authors present a unified account of 2 neural systems concerned with the development and expression of adaptive behaviors: a mesencephalic dopamine system for reinforcement learning and a “generic ” error-processing system associated with the anterior cingulate cortex. The existence of the error-processing system has been inferred from the error-related negativity (ERN), a component of the event-related brain potential elicited when human participants commit errors in reaction-time tasks. The authors propose that the ERN is generated when a negative reinforcement learning signal is conveyed to the anterior cingulate cortex via the mesencephalic dopamine system and that this signal is used by the anterior cingulate cortex to modify performance on the task at hand. They provide support for this proposal using both computational modeling and psychophysiological experimentation. Human beings learn from the consequences of their actions. Thorndike (1911/1970) originally described this phenomenon with his law of effect, which made explicit the commonsense notion that actions that are followed by feelings of satisfaction are more likely to be generated again in the future, whereas actions that are followed by negative outcomes are less likely to reoccur. This
Keyphrases
reinforcement learning error-related negativity neural basis psychological review anterior cingulate cortex human error processing mesencephalic dopamine system human participant error-processing system negative reinforcement negative outcome psychophysiological experimentation event-related brain potential human being reaction-time task neural system computational modeling adaptive behavior commonsense notion whereas action generic error-processing system unified account
