Production of pyrogenic exotoxins by groups of streptococci: association with group

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Production of pyrogenic exotoxins by groups of streptococci: association with group (1979)

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by Patrick M. Schlievert , Kristine M. Bettin , Dennis W. Watson

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38	Immunologic relation of streptococcal and tissue antigens. III. Presence in human sera of streptococcal antibody cross-reactive with heart tissue. Association with streptococcal infection, rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. - Kaplan, Svec - 1964 (Show Context) Citation Context ...velopment of rheumatic fever. The lesions may be necessary for deposition of persistent, toxic cell wall complexes [32, 33] or for uncovering hidden antigens required to evoke an autoimmune mechanism =-=[34, 35]-=-. In addition, SPE enhance the day 10-15 antibody response to a second antigen [13, 15], possibly through inactivation of a T lymphocyte [15]. The immunity-enhancing effect could amplify synthesis of ...
17	Formation of a bacterial toxin (streptolysin 5) by resting cells - BERNHEIMER - 1949 (Show Context) Citation Context ...SPE) by reference strains of group A streptoococci. SPE type Strain M-type produced References NY-5 (1957) AB [1] NY-5 (1978) ABC [6] Lowry (T18G) 18 C [18] T18P 18 C [1, 5] (Great Lakes) C203U 3 ABC =-=[19,20]-=- C203S ABC [21,22] T4-366 4 [23] Cook B BC [2,24] 594 A [25] H44AA 4 AC [26] T25 3 25 very low A [27] T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6] NB15 (nephritic) 12 BC Red Lake (nephritic) 49 AB...
13	Nonspecific and specific immunological mitogenicity by group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins. Infect. Immun - Barsumian, Schlievert, et al. - 1978 (Show Context) Citation Context ...n O. The SPE alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier [8] and the function of reticuloendothelial clearance [10, 11]. Also, the toxins are potent nonspecific and specific lymphocyte mitogens =-=[12]-=-, and they suppress the day 4-5 antibody response [13, 14] and enhance the day 10-15 antibody response [13, 15] to a second antigen. Several laboratory strains of group A streptococci have been tested...
12	Host-parasite factors in group A streptococcal infections. Pyrogenic and other effects of immunological distinct exotoxins related to scarlet fever toxins - Watson - 1960 (Show Context) Citation Context ... A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE), designated types A, B, and C, have been identified and purified [1-6]. The toxins have a number of important bio,logical properties, including pyrogenicity =-=[1, 3, 7, 8]-=- and enhancement of lethal shock [1, 3, 8] and myocardial and liver damage [1, 3, 9] by endotoxin or streptolysin O. The SPE alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier [8] and the function of r...
12	A purified group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin. Physiochemical and biological properties including the enhancement of susceptibility to endotoxin lethal - Kim, Watson - 1970 (Show Context) Citation Context ... A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE), designated types A, B, and C, have been identified and purified [1-6]. The toxins have a number of important bio,logical properties, including pyrogenicity =-=[1, 3, 7, 8]-=- and enhancement of lethal shock [1, 3, 8] and myocardial and liver damage [1, 3, 9] by endotoxin or streptolysin O. The SPE alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier [8] and the function of r...
12	The role of temperate bacteriophage in the production of erythrogenic toxin by group A streptococci. Journal of Experimental Medicine 119 - Zabriskie - 1964 (Show Context) Citation Context ...7) AB [1] NY-5 (1978) ABC [6] Lowry (T18G) 18 C [18] T18P 18 C [1, 5] (Great Lakes) C203U 3 ABC [19,20] C203S ABC [21,22] T4-366 4 [23] Cook B BC [2,24] 594 A [25] H44AA 4 AC [26] T25 3 25 very low A =-=[27]-=- T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6] NB15 (nephritic) 12 BC Red Lake (nephritic) 49 AB [28] Potter (nephritic) 55 B [29] Dillon (nephritic) 2 BC [30]sat Penn State U niversity (Paterno Li...
11	Purification and characterization of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C. Infect. Immun - Schlievert, Bettin, et al. - 1977 (Show Context) Citation Context ...19P were used for production of the knownsat Penn State U niversity (Paterno Lib) on M arch 5, 2016 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from Group A Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin SPE types =-=[1, 3, 5, 6]-=-. The organisms were cultured in a beef-heart dialysate medium [3]. Toxins were purified from culture supernatant fluids with use of differential precipitation with - 20 C ethanol and resolubilization...
11	Persistence of group A streptococcal cell walls related to chronic inflammation of rabbit dermal connective tissue. - Ohanian, Schwab - 1967 (Show Context) Citation Context ...sin S. In these ways primary heart lesions may be produced, a condition leading to development of rheumatic fever. The lesions may be necessary for deposition of persistent, toxic cell wall complexes =-=[32, 33]-=- or for uncovering hidden antigens required to evoke an autoimmune mechanism [34, 35]. In addition, SPE enhance the day 10-15 antibody response to a second antigen [13, 15], possibly through inactivat...
10	Acute glomerulonephritis following skin infection due to streptococci of M-type 2. - Dillon, Reeves, et al. - 1968 (Show Context) Citation Context ...] H44AA 4 AC [26] T25 3 25 very low A [27] T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6] NB15 (nephritic) 12 BC Red Lake (nephritic) 49 AB [28] Potter (nephritic) 55 B [29] Dillon (nephritic) 2 BC =-=[30]-=-sat Penn State U niversity (Paterno Lib) on M arch 5, 2016 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from 680 SPE Band C since the present incidence of scarlet fever is low. Recent studies in our la...
8	Transfer of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin production to nontoxigenic strains of lysogenic conversion - Johnson, Schlievert, et al. - 1980 (Show Context) Citation Context ... A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE), designated types A, B, and C, have been identified and purified [1-6]. The toxins have a number of important bio,logical properties, including pyrogenicity =-=[1, 3, 7, 8]-=- and enhancement of lethal shock [1, 3, 8] and myocardial and liver damage [1, 3, 9] by endotoxin or streptolysin O. The SPE alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier [8] and the function of r...
7	Cross-reaction of Group A streptococci and heart tissue: varying serologic specificity of cross-reactive antisera and relation to carrier-hapten specificity - Kaplan - 1969 (Show Context) Citation Context ...velopment of rheumatic fever. The lesions may be necessary for deposition of persistent, toxic cell wall complexes [32, 33] or for uncovering hidden antigens required to evoke an autoimmune mechanism =-=[34, 35]-=-. In addition, SPE enhance the day 10-15 antibody response to a second antigen [13, 15], possibly through inactivation of a T lymphocyte [15]. The immunity-enhancing effect could amplify synthesis of ...
6	Preparation and assay of deoxyribonucleic acid from animal tissue. Methods Enzymol 3:696 - Zamenhof - 1957 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ned with use of methods described previously [1, 3, 8]. Toxin doses were 100 or 200 JJg of protein/kg of rabbit body weight. Protein concentrations were measured with use of the microbiuret procedure =-=[16]-=-. The HAl assay was performed according to the following procedure. Rabbit erythrocytes (RBCs) were fixed with use of the procedure of Galazka and Abgarowicz [17]. RBCs in Alsever's solution were wash...
5	Further studies of group A streptococcal factors with lethal and cardiotoxic properties - Schwab, Watson, et al. - 1955 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ntified and purified [1-6]. The toxins have a number of important bio,logical properties, including pyrogenicity [1, 3, 7, 8] and enhancement of lethal shock [1, 3, 8] and myocardial and liver damage =-=[1, 3, 9]-=- by endotoxin or streptolysin O. The SPE alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier [8] and the function of reticuloendothelial clearance [10, 11]. Also, the toxins are potent nonspecific and s...
5	Host-parasite relationships among group A streptococci. II. Influence of sex on the susceptibility of inbred mice toward streptococcal infection - Willoughby, Watson - 1964 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ock [1, 3, 8] and myocardial and liver damage [1, 3, 9] by endotoxin or streptolysin O. The SPE alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier [8] and the function of reticuloendothelial clearance =-=[10, 11]-=-. Also, the toxins are potent nonspecific and specific lymphocyte mitogens [12], and they suppress the day 4-5 antibody response [13, 14] and enhance the day 10-15 antibody response [13, 15] to a seco...
5	Observations on the effect of streptococcal upper respiratory infections on rheumatic children: a three-year study - Kuttner, Krumwiede - 1941 (Show Context) Citation Context ...A streptoococci. SPE type Strain M-type produced References NY-5 (1957) AB [1] NY-5 (1978) ABC [6] Lowry (T18G) 18 C [18] T18P 18 C [1, 5] (Great Lakes) C203U 3 ABC [19,20] C203S ABC [21,22] T4-366 4 =-=[23]-=- Cook B BC [2,24] 594 A [25] H44AA 4 AC [26] T25 3 25 very low A [27] T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6] NB15 (nephritic) 12 BC Red Lake (nephritic) 49 AB [28] Potter (nephritic) 55 B [2...
5	Lymphocyte binding and T cell mitogenic properties of group A streptococcallipoteichoic acid - Beachey, Dale, et al. - 1979 (Show Context) Citation Context ...s. Although isolated from different geographic locations and 25 years apart, these organisms are closely related. A number of streptococcal products have been tested for lymphocyte mitogenic activity =-=[12, 21, 22, 38, 39]-=-, particularly those from group A strains C203U and S. In the study of lymphocyte mitogens from group A streptococci, it should be considered that the SPE are potent nonspecific and specific lymphocyt...
4	Heterogeneity of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type - Barsumian, Cunningham, et al. (Show Context) Citation Context ...19P were used for production of the knownsat Penn State U niversity (Paterno Lib) on M arch 5, 2016 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from Group A Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin SPE types =-=[1, 3, 5, 6]-=-. The organisms were cultured in a beef-heart dialysate medium [3]. Toxins were purified from culture supernatant fluids with use of differential precipitation with - 20 C ethanol and resolubilization...
4	Evidence for two molecular forms of streptococcal erythrogenic toxin. Conversion to a single form by 2-mercaptoethanol - Nauciel, Blass, et al. - 1969 (Show Context) Citation Context ...rain M-type produced References NY-5 (1957) AB [1] NY-5 (1978) ABC [6] Lowry (T18G) 18 C [18] T18P 18 C [1, 5] (Great Lakes) C203U 3 ABC [19,20] C203S ABC [21,22] T4-366 4 [23] Cook B BC [2,24] 594 A =-=[25]-=- H44AA 4 AC [26] T25 3 25 very low A [27] T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6] NB15 (nephritic) 12 BC Red Lake (nephritic) 49 AB [28] Potter (nephritic) 55 B [29] Dillon (nephritic) 2 BC [...
4	Attack rates of acute nephritis after type 49 streptococcal infections of the skin and of the respiratory tract - Anthony, Kaplan, et al. - 1969 (Show Context) Citation Context ...C203S ABC [21,22] T4-366 4 [23] Cook B BC [2,24] 594 A [25] H44AA 4 AC [26] T25 3 25 very low A [27] T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6] NB15 (nephritic) 12 BC Red Lake (nephritic) 49 AB =-=[28]-=- Potter (nephritic) 55 B [29] Dillon (nephritic) 2 BC [30]sat Penn State U niversity (Paterno Lib) on M arch 5, 2016 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from 680 SPE Band C since the present i...
4	Changing types of nephritogenic streptococci in Trinidad. - Potter, Ortiz, et al. - 1971 (Show Context) Citation Context ...3] Cook B BC [2,24] 594 A [25] H44AA 4 AC [26] T25 3 25 very low A [27] T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6] NB15 (nephritic) 12 BC Red Lake (nephritic) 49 AB [28] Potter (nephritic) 55 B =-=[29]-=- Dillon (nephritic) 2 BC [30]sat Penn State U niversity (Paterno Lib) on M arch 5, 2016 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from 680 SPE Band C since the present incidence of scarlet fever is ...
4	Physical and immunological differences among streptokinases - Dillon, Wannamaker - 1965 (Show Context) Citation Context ... antigenically unrelated SPE when pyrogenicity and enhancement of lethal endotoxin shock were used as criteria [1, 3]. Included in the non-group A strains was the H46A strain of group C Streptococcus =-=[31]-=-, which has been used previously to prepare streptokinasestreptodornase. The seven group A strains that failed to produce SPE when Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and HAl were used were tested also for SP...
3	Further purification of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin and characterization of purified toxin. Infect. Immun - Cunningham, Basumian, et al. - 1976
3	Effect of antipyretics on group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin fever production and ability to enhance lethal endotoxin shock - Schlievert, Bettin, et al. (Show Context) Citation Context ... A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE), designated types A, B, and C, have been identified and purified [1-6]. The toxins have a number of important bio,logical properties, including pyrogenicity =-=[1, 3, 7, 8]-=- and enhancement of lethal shock [1, 3, 8] and myocardial and liver damage [1, 3, 9] by endotoxin or streptolysin O. The SPE alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier [8] and the function of r...
3	Further observations on the toxigenic properties of hemolytic streptococci - Coffey - 1938 (Show Context) Citation Context .... SPE type Strain M-type produced References NY-5 (1957) AB [1] NY-5 (1978) ABC [6] Lowry (T18G) 18 C [18] T18P 18 C [1, 5] (Great Lakes) C203U 3 ABC [19,20] C203S ABC [21,22] T4-366 4 [23] Cook B BC =-=[2,24]-=- 594 A [25] H44AA 4 AC [26] T25 3 25 very low A [27] T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6] NB15 (nephritic) 12 BC Red Lake (nephritic) 49 AB [28] Potter (nephritic) 55 B [29] Dillon (nephri...
3	Biological properties of cell wall mucopeptide of hemolytic streptococci - Rotta, Bednar (Show Context) Citation Context ...sin S. In these ways primary heart lesions may be produced, a condition leading to development of rheumatic fever. The lesions may be necessary for deposition of persistent, toxic cell wall complexes =-=[32, 33]-=- or for uncovering hidden antigens required to evoke an autoimmune mechanism [34, 35]. In addition, SPE enhance the day 10-15 antibody response to a second antigen [13, 15], possibly through inactivat...
3	Reinterpretation of the dick test: role of group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin. Infec. Immun - Schlievert, Bettin, et al. - 1979 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ssue. Also, the nonspecific lymphocyte mitogenicity of the SPE [12] could break self-tolerance with resultant generation of autoantibody. The SPE recently were shown to enhance local Arthus reactions =-=[36]-=-. The toxins may also alter host responsiveness to systemic antigen-antibody complex reactions, and in this way the SPE may enhance the severity of acute glomerulonephritis. The low number of strains ...
2	Preparation and properties of partially purified erythrogenic toxin B of group A streptococci - Stock, Lynn - 1961 (Show Context) Citation Context .... SPE type Strain M-type produced References NY-5 (1957) AB [1] NY-5 (1978) ABC [6] Lowry (T18G) 18 C [18] T18P 18 C [1, 5] (Great Lakes) C203U 3 ABC [19,20] C203S ABC [21,22] T4-366 4 [23] Cook B BC =-=[2,24]-=- 594 A [25] H44AA 4 AC [26] T25 3 25 very low A [27] T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6] NB15 (nephritic) 12 BC Red Lake (nephritic) 49 AB [28] Potter (nephritic) 55 B [29] Dillon (nephri...
2	Alteration of clearance function by group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin and its relation to suppression of the antibody response. Infect. Immun - Cunningham, Watson - 1978 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ock [1, 3, 8] and myocardial and liver damage [1, 3, 9] by endotoxin or streptolysin O. The SPE alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier [8] and the function of reticuloendothelial clearance =-=[10, 11]-=-. Also, the toxins are potent nonspecific and specific lymphocyte mitogens [12], and they suppress the day 4-5 antibody response [13, 14] and enhance the day 10-15 antibody response [13, 15] to a seco...
2	Physical separation of streptococcal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase from streptolysin - Shany, Grushoff - 1973 (Show Context) Citation Context ...SPE) by reference strains of group A streptoococci. SPE type Strain M-type produced References NY-5 (1957) AB [1] NY-5 (1978) ABC [6] Lowry (T18G) 18 C [18] T18P 18 C [1, 5] (Great Lakes) C203U 3 ABC =-=[19,20]-=- C203S ABC [21,22] T4-366 4 [23] Cook B BC [2,24] 594 A [25] H44AA 4 AC [26] T25 3 25 very low A [27] T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6] NB15 (nephritic) 12 BC Red Lake (nephritic) 49 AB...
2	Lymphocyte stimulation by a glycopeptide isolated from Streptococcus pyogenes C203S. I. Isolation and partial purification - Plate, Amos - 1970 (Show Context) Citation Context ...strains of group A streptoococci. SPE type Strain M-type produced References NY-5 (1957) AB [1] NY-5 (1978) ABC [6] Lowry (T18G) 18 C [18] T18P 18 C [1, 5] (Great Lakes) C203U 3 ABC [19,20] C203S ABC =-=[21,22]-=- T4-366 4 [23] Cook B BC [2,24] 594 A [25] H44AA 4 AC [26] T25 3 25 very low A [27] T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6] NB15 (nephritic) 12 BC Red Lake (nephritic) 49 AB [28] Potter (neph...
2	Dialyzable form of an extracellular streptococcal toxin causing histopathologic and biochemical changes in rabbits - Gazit, Ginsburg, et al. - 1972 (Show Context) Citation Context ...uced References NY-5 (1957) AB [1] NY-5 (1978) ABC [6] Lowry (T18G) 18 C [18] T18P 18 C [1, 5] (Great Lakes) C203U 3 ABC [19,20] C203S ABC [21,22] T4-366 4 [23] Cook B BC [2,24] 594 A [25] H44AA 4 AC =-=[26]-=- T25 3 25 very low A [27] T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6] NB15 (nephritic) 12 BC Red Lake (nephritic) 49 AB [28] Potter (nephritic) 55 B [29] Dillon (nephritic) 2 BC [30]sat Penn Stat...
1	Enhanced immune response after immunosuppression by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin. Infec. Immun - Hanna, Watson - 1973 (Show Context) Citation Context ... barrier [8] and the function of reticuloendothelial clearance [10, 11]. Also, the toxins are potent nonspecific and specific lymphocyte mitogens [12], and they suppress the day 4-5 antibody response =-=[13, 14]-=- and enhance the day 10-15 antibody response [13, 15] to a second antigen. Several laboratory strains of group A streptococci have been tested for SPE production. However, elaboration of SPE by other ...
1	Suppression of antibody response by group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin and characterization of the cells involved. Infec. Immun - Cunningham, Watson - 1978 (Show Context) Citation Context ... barrier [8] and the function of reticuloendothelial clearance [10, 11]. Also, the toxins are potent nonspecific and specific lymphocyte mitogens [12], and they suppress the day 4-5 antibody response =-=[13, 14]-=- and enhance the day 10-15 antibody response [13, 15] to a second antigen. Several laboratory strains of group A streptococci have been tested for SPE production. However, elaboration of SPE by other ...
1	Deregulation of mouse antibody-forming cells by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin. at Penn State U niversity (Paterno Lib) on M arch 5, 2016 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/ D ow nloaded from Group A Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin II. Modification of splee - Hale, Hanna (Show Context) Citation Context ...clearance [10, 11]. Also, the toxins are potent nonspecific and specific lymphocyte mitogens [12], and they suppress the day 4-5 antibody response [13, 14] and enhance the day 10-15 antibody response =-=[13, 15]-=- to a second antigen. Several laboratory strains of group A streptococci have been tested for SPE production. However, elaboration of SPE by other groups and by several clinical isolates of group A st...
1	Assays of diphtheria and tetanus antibodies by the passive hemagglutination method. Epidemiol. Rev - Galazka, Abgarowicz - 1967 (Show Context) Citation Context ...with use of the microbiuret procedure [16]. The HAl assay was performed according to the following procedure. Rabbit erythrocytes (RBCs) were fixed with use of the procedure of Galazka and Abgarowicz =-=[17]-=-. RBCs in Alsever's solution were washed three times with 0.9OJo NaCI (centrifuged at 700 g, 10 min) and suspended in buffer A (0.15 M KH2P04 , 0.15 M Na2HP04 , 0.15 M NaCI, pH 7.2) to a concentration...
1	An epidemic of pharyngitis due to li nonhemolytic group A streptococcus at Lowry Air Force - James, McFarland - 1971 (Show Context) Citation Context ...roduction of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE) by reference strains of group A streptoococci. SPE type Strain M-type produced References NY-5 (1957) AB [1] NY-5 (1978) ABC [6] Lowry (T18G) 18 C =-=[18]-=- T18P 18 C [1, 5] (Great Lakes) C203U 3 ABC [19,20] C203S ABC [21,22] T4-366 4 [23] Cook B BC [2,24] 594 A [25] H44AA 4 AC [26] T25 3 25 very low A [27] T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6...
1	Dissociation of hemolytic and lymphocyte transforming activities of streptolysin S preparations - Taranta, Cuppari, et al. (Show Context) Citation Context ...strains of group A streptoococci. SPE type Strain M-type produced References NY-5 (1957) AB [1] NY-5 (1978) ABC [6] Lowry (T18G) 18 C [18] T18P 18 C [1, 5] (Great Lakes) C203U 3 ABC [19,20] C203S ABC =-=[21,22]-=- T4-366 4 [23] Cook B BC [2,24] 594 A [25] H44AA 4 AC [26] T25 3 25 very low A [27] T25 3 (T12) 25 A, very low B [27] T19P 19 BC [6] NB15 (nephritic) 12 BC Red Lake (nephritic) 49 AB [28] Potter (neph...
1	Nonspecific" stimulation of lymphocyte transformation by cellular fractions and acid extracts of group A streptococci - Keiser, Kushner, et al. - 1971 (Show Context) Citation Context ...s. Although isolated from different geographic locations and 25 years apart, these organisms are closely related. A number of streptococcal products have been tested for lymphocyte mitogenic activity =-=[12, 21, 22, 38, 39]-=-, particularly those from group A strains C203U and S. In the study of lymphocyte mitogens from group A streptococci, it should be considered that the SPE are potent nonspecific and specific lymphocyt...