DMCA
Does the autistic child have a theory of mind (1985)
Venue: | Cognition |
Citations: | 596 - 47 self |
Citations
652 |
Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact
- Kanner
- 1943
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Citation Context ...ism is a severe developmental disorder. It is a rare condition,saffecting about 4 in every 10,000 children. The diagnostic criteria at presentsare behavioural (American Psychiatric Association, 1980; =-=Kanner, 1943-=-; Rit-svo & Freeman, 1978; Rutter, 1978) and the main symptom, which can be re-sliably identified, is impairment in verbal and nonverbal communication. Thissimpairment is part of the core feature of c... |
524 | Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? - Premack, Woodruff - 1978 |
502 | Beliefs about beliefs: representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children’s understanding of deception. - Wimmer, Perner - 1983 |
416 |
The child’s conception of space
- Piaget, Inhelder
- 1967
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Citation Context ...l perceptual perspective-taking tasks,ssuch as ‘line of sight’ or ‘three mountains’, where a child has to indicate whatscan be seen from another point of view (Hobson, 1982; Hughes & Donaldson,s1979; =-=Piaget and Inhelder, 1956-=-). Such perceptual perspective-taking tasksscan be solved using solely visuo-spatial skills and in no way require imputingsbeliefs to others (Cox, 1980; Huttenlocher & Presson, 1979). Hobson (1984)sha... |
203 | Severe Impairments of Social Interaction and Associated - Wing, Gould - 1979 |
67 | Psychological experiments with autistic children. - Hermelin, O'Connor - 1970 |
66 |
Beliefs about beliefs.
- Dennett
- 1978
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Citation Context ..., feel, or believe things; in short, hav-sing what Premack and Woodruff (1978) termed a ‘theory of mind’. A theorysof mind is impossible without the capacity to form ‘second-order representa-stions’ (=-=Dennett, 1978-=-; Pylyshyn, 1978). According to Leslie’s model this capa-scity does not appear until the second year of life. While this capacity manifestssitself eventually in a theory of mind, Leslie shows that it ... |
60 |
The coding and transformation of spatial information.
- Huttenlocher, Presson
- 1979
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Citation Context ...es & Donaldson,s1979; Piaget and Inhelder, 1956). Such perceptual perspective-taking tasksscan be solved using solely visuo-spatial skills and in no way require imputingsbeliefs to others (Cox, 1980; =-=Huttenlocher & Presson, 1979-=-). Hobson (1984)shas recently shown that autistic children succeed on perceptual perspective-s44 S. Baron-Cohen et al.staking tasks with doll protagonists as well as can be expected from their MA.sThi... |
57 |
The development of social cognition.
- Shantz
- 1975
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Citation Context ...g evidence for the ability to attribute men-stal states to others, and its development from the second year of life onwardss(Bretherton, McNew, & Beeghly-Smith, 1981; MacNamara, Baker, & Olson,s1976; =-=Shantz, 1983-=-; Shultz, Wells, & Sarda, 1980; Shultz & Cloghesy, 1981).sA convincing demonstration that an explicit theory of mind is well within thescapacity of the normal four-year-old has been’given by Wimmer an... |
44 |
Early person knowledge as expressed in gestural and verbal communication: when do infants acquire a “Theory of Mind”? In
- Bretherton, McNew, et al.
- 1981
(Show Context)
Citation Context ...do. This is clearly a crucial compo-snent of social skills. There is growing evidence for the ability to attribute men-stal states to others, and its development from the second year of life onwardss(=-=Bretherton, McNew, & Beeghly-Smith, 1981-=-; MacNamara, Baker, & Olson,s1976; Shantz, 1983; Shultz, Wells, & Sarda, 1980; Shultz & Cloghesy, 1981).sA convincing demonstration that an explicit theory of mind is well within thescapacity of the n... |
32 | Follow-up study of eleven autistic children originally reported in - Kanner - 1971 |
32 |
Symbolic play and language comprehension in autistic children.
- Sigman, Ungerer
- 1981
(Show Context)
Citation Context ...s well known that autistic children, in addition to their social hand-sicaps, also show a striking poverty of pretend play (Sigman & Ungerer, 1981;sDoes the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? 39s=-=Ungerer & Sigman, 1981-=-; Wing, Gould, Yeates, & Brierley, 1977; Wing &sGould, 1979). An explanation for the lack of pretend play and its curious as-ssociation with the social impairments typical of autism is not obvious, an... |
27 |
Symbolic play in severely mentally retarded and autistic children.
- Wing, Gould, et al.
- 1977
(Show Context)
Citation Context ...ic children, in addition to their social hand-sicaps, also show a striking poverty of pretend play (Sigman & Ungerer, 1981;sDoes the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? 39sUngerer & Sigman, 1981; =-=Wing, Gould, Yeates, & Brierley, 1977-=-; Wing &sGould, 1979). An explanation for the lack of pretend play and its curious as-ssociation with the social impairments typical of autism is not obvious, andsagain the notion of mental age is not... |
26 |
Diagnosis and definition. In
- Rutter
- 1978
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Citation Context ... It is a rare condition,saffecting about 4 in every 10,000 children. The diagnostic criteria at presentsare behavioural (American Psychiatric Association, 1980; Kanner, 1943; Rit-svo & Freeman, 1978; =-=Rutter, 1978-=-) and the main symptom, which can be re-sliably identified, is impairment in verbal and nonverbal communication. Thissimpairment is part of the core feature of childhood autism, namely a profoundsdiso... |
22 |
Cognitive deficits in the pathogenesis of autism: The Kenneth Cameron Memorial lecture
- Rutter
- 1983
(Show Context)
Citation Context ...).sIn order to explain the specific impairments of childhood autism it is neces-ssary, then, to consider the underlying cognitive mechanisms independent ofsIQ (Frith, 1982; Hermelin & O’Connor, 1970; =-=Rutter, 1983-=-). So far, nobodyshas had any idea of how to characterise such mechanisms in even quasi-com-sputational terms. In this paper we put forward a suggestion which has beensderived from a new model of meta... |
21 | Early childhood autism and the question of egocentrism. - Hobson - 1984 |
21 |
Development of the ability to distinguish intended actions from mistakes, reflexes, and passive movements.
- Shultz, Wells, et al.
- 1980
(Show Context)
Citation Context ... the ability to attribute men-stal states to others, and its development from the second year of life onwardss(Bretherton, McNew, & Beeghly-Smith, 1981; MacNamara, Baker, & Olson,s1976; Shantz, 1983; =-=Shultz, Wells, & Sarda, 1980-=-; Shultz & Cloghesy, 1981).sA convincing demonstration that an explicit theory of mind is well within thescapacity of the normal four-year-old has been’given by Wimmer and Perners(1983). These authors... |
20 |
When is the attribution of beliefs justified?
- Pylyshyn
- 1978
(Show Context)
Citation Context ...eve things; in short, hav-sing what Premack and Woodruff (1978) termed a ‘theory of mind’. A theorysof mind is impossible without the capacity to form ‘second-order representa-stions’ (Dennett, 1978; =-=Pylyshyn, 1978-=-). According to Leslie’s model this capa-scity does not appear until the second year of life. While this capacity manifestssitself eventually in a theory of mind, Leslie shows that it also accounts fo... |
18 | National society for autistic children definition of the syndrome of autism", - Ritvo, Freeman - 1978 |
15 |
Down syndrome: The psychology of mongolism
- Gibson
- 1978
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Citation Context ...with IQ’s in the normal range, and sec-sond, mentally retarded non-autistic children, such as Down’s syndrome, aressocially competent relative to their mental age (Coggins, Carpenter, &sOwings, 1983; =-=Gibson, 1978-=-).sIn order to explain the specific impairments of childhood autism it is neces-ssary, then, to consider the underlying cognitive mechanisms independent ofsIQ (Frith, 1982; Hermelin & O’Connor, 1970; ... |
13 | Four-year-olds' understanding of pretend, forget, and know: Evidence for propositional operations - Macnamara, Baker, et al. - 1976 |
8 | Task difficulty and task performance in autistic children. - Clark, Rutter - 1979 |
7 |
Development of recursive awareness of intention.
- Shultz, Cloghesy
- 1981
(Show Context)
Citation Context ...stal states to others, and its development from the second year of life onwardss(Bretherton, McNew, & Beeghly-Smith, 1981; MacNamara, Baker, & Olson,s1976; Shantz, 1983; Shultz, Wells, & Sarda, 1980; =-=Shultz & Cloghesy, 1981-=-).sA convincing demonstration that an explicit theory of mind is well within thescapacity of the normal four-year-old has been’given by Wimmer and Perners(1983). These authors developed an ingenious p... |
7 |
Sensorimotor skills and language comprehension in autistic children
- Sigman, Ungerer
- 1981
(Show Context)
Citation Context ...t aspects of social ineptness, but also to a lack of pretend play.sNow, it is well known that autistic children, in addition to their social hand-sicaps, also show a striking poverty of pretend play (=-=Sigman & Ungerer, 1981-=-;sDoes the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? 39sUngerer & Sigman, 1981; Wing, Gould, Yeates, & Brierley, 1977; Wing &sGould, 1979). An explanation for the lack of pretend play and its curious as... |
6 | The measure of intelligence of autistic children - DeMyer, Borton, et al. - 1974 |
6 |
How far can autistic children go in matters of social adaptation?
- Kanner, Rodriguez, et al.
- 1972
(Show Context)
Citation Context ...even in able autistic children, despitesimprovements due to intervention. A picture of apparently intractable socialsimpairment emerges in the clinical follow-up studies of autism (e.g. Kanner,s1971; =-=Kanner, Rodriguez, & Ashenden, 1972-=-) and in the as yet rare experi-smental investigations (e.g. Attwood, 1984; Martini, 1980).sAlthough the majority of autistic children are mentally retarded (DeMyerset al., 1974; Wing, Yeates, Brierle... |
5 | Pretend play and patterns of cognition in Down’s syndrome children. Child Dev. - PM, McCune-Nicolich - 1981 |
3 | The use of hiding games for studying the coordination of viewpoints. - Hughes, Donaldson - 1979 |
1 |
Gestures of autistic children
- Attwood
- 1984
(Show Context)
Citation Context ...y intractable socialsimpairment emerges in the clinical follow-up studies of autism (e.g. Kanner,s1971; Kanner, Rodriguez, & Ashenden, 1972) and in the as yet rare experi-smental investigations (e.g. =-=Attwood, 1984-=-; Martini, 1980).sAlthough the majority of autistic children are mentally retarded (DeMyerset al., 1974; Wing, Yeates, Brierley, & Gould 1976), and although a numbersof their symptoms may be attributa... |
1 | Compliance and resistance in the conditioning of autistic children: an exploratory study - Clark, Rutter - 1977 |
1 | Examining early intentional communication in Down’s Syndrome and nonretarded children - Coggins, Carpenter, et al. - 1983 |
1 |
Visual perspective-taking in children
- Cox
- 1980
(Show Context)
Citation Context ... 1982; Hughes & Donaldson,s1979; Piaget and Inhelder, 1956). Such perceptual perspective-taking tasksscan be solved using solely visuo-spatial skills and in no way require imputingsbeliefs to others (=-=Cox, 1980-=-; Huttenlocher & Presson, 1979). Hobson (1984)shas recently shown that autistic children succeed on perceptual perspective-s44 S. Baron-Cohen et al.staking tasks with doll protagonists as well as can ... |
1 |
Psychological abnormalities in early childhood psychoses
- Frith
- 1982
(Show Context)
Citation Context ... Carpenter, &sOwings, 1983; Gibson, 1978).sIn order to explain the specific impairments of childhood autism it is neces-ssary, then, to consider the underlying cognitive mechanisms independent ofsIQ (=-=Frith, 1982-=-; Hermelin & O’Connor, 1970; Rutter, 1983). So far, nobodyshas had any idea of how to characterise such mechanisms in even quasi-com-sputational terms. In this paper we put forward a suggestion which ... |
1 | A new perspective in research on autism - Frith - 1984 |
1 |
The question of childhood egocentrism: the coordination of perspectives in relation to operational thinking
- Hobson
- 1982
(Show Context)
Citation Context ...-strast the present task with traditional perceptual perspective-taking tasks,ssuch as ‘line of sight’ or ‘three mountains’, where a child has to indicate whatscan be seen from another point of view (=-=Hobson, 1982-=-; Hughes & Donaldson,s1979; Piaget and Inhelder, 1956). Such perceptual perspective-taking tasksscan be solved using solely visuo-spatial skills and in no way require imputingsbeliefs to others (Cox, ... |
1 |
Pretend play and representation in infancy: A cognitive approach
- Leslie
- 1984
(Show Context)
Citation Context ... has the potential to explain both lack of pretend play and social im-spairment by ‘virtue of a circumscribed cognitive failure. This finding encour-sages us to continue with a theoretical framework (=-=Leslie, 1984-=-, to appear)swhich can specify the underlying connections between pretend play, theory ofsmind and social skills. Deriving further testable predictions from such a modelsmay lead to a new approach to ... |
1 |
to appear) Pretense and representation in infancy. Submitted for publication
- Leslie
- 1984
(Show Context)
Citation Context ... has the potential to explain both lack of pretend play and social im-spairment by ‘virtue of a circumscribed cognitive failure. This finding encour-sages us to continue with a theoretical framework (=-=Leslie, 1984-=-, to appear)swhich can specify the underlying connections between pretend play, theory ofsmind and social skills. Deriving further testable predictions from such a modelsmay lead to a new approach to ... |
1 |
Structures of interaction between two autistic children
- Martini
- 1980
(Show Context)
Citation Context ...ocialsimpairment emerges in the clinical follow-up studies of autism (e.g. Kanner,s1971; Kanner, Rodriguez, & Ashenden, 1972) and in the as yet rare experi-smental investigations (e.g. Attwood, 1984; =-=Martini, 1980-=-).sAlthough the majority of autistic children are mentally retarded (DeMyerset al., 1974; Wing, Yeates, Brierley, & Gould 1976), and although a numbersof their symptoms may be attributable to this fac... |