Citation Context

...re likely to use EDIbased or XML-based e-business frameworks.sThe educational level of employees seems to have an important role in e-business. ICTsincreases the demand for highly educated employees (=-=Bresnahan et al., 2002-=-). Highlyseducated employees have a comparative advantage with respect to the implementationsof new technologies (Bartel and Lichtenberg, 1987). Highly educated employees whosuse ICT have higher produ...

Citation Context

...siness. ICTsincreases the demand for highly educated employees (Bresnahan et al., 2002). Highlyseducated employees have a comparative advantage with respect to the implementationsof new technologies (=-=Bartel and Lichtenberg, 1987-=-). Highly educated employees whosuse ICT have higher productivity than other employees (Hempell, 2005). Companiesswhose employees have a higher education have better capabilities to B2Bi.sH5. Companie...

Citation Context

...organisation-environment frameworksA theoretical model for B2Bi needs to take into account factors that affect thespropensity to use EDI-based or XML-based e-business frameworks. The TOEs8sframework (=-=Tornatzky and Fleischer, 1990-=-) identifies three aspects that facilitate orsinhibit the adoption and use of technological innovations. Therefore, the TOEsframework is useful for looking at B2Bi. Technological factors describe the ...

Citation Context

...uces EDI-based andsXML-based e-business frameworks, and proposes six hypotheses based on thesliterature. Next, the research method, data, and models are presented. Then, logisticsregression analysis (=-=Menard, 2002-=-) is utilised to test the hypotheses. Finally, the papersdiscusses limitations and further research, and presents conclusions. This paper issamong the first empirical studies that provide a statistica...

Citation Context

... Environmental factors such asscompetitors and business partners describe the area in which the company operates. ThesTOE framework has empirical support in the adoption of EDI (Chwelos et al., 2001;s=-=Kuan and Chau, 2001-=-) and e-business (Hong and Zhu, 2006; Zhu et al., 2003).s3.2 Technological factorsIn e-business, the information systems need to work with other internal and externalsinformation systems. Companies ha...

Citation Context

...litatesinteroperability (Lyytinen and King, 2006). Finding an appropriate standard has becomesincreasingly important in e-business. In fact, standards play an essential role in B2Bis4s(Bussler, 2003; =-=Medjahed et al., 2003-=-; Nurmilaakso and Kotinurmi, 2004; Shim et al.,s2000). Standardisation for B2Bi happens on two levels. A data format is a low-levelsstandard that defines the data structures and data elements in gener...

Citation Context

...iven the growing demand for e-business, it is important to understand B2Bi and itssfacilitators. Despite considerable interest in e-business, the literature reveals gaps in thesunderstanding of B2Bi (=-=Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2004-=-; Ngai and Wat, 2002; Power,s2005; Wareham et al., 2005). Kauffman and Walden (2001) have suggested furthersresearch on the role of the XML standard for data sharing in e-business. Compared tosEDI or ...

Citation Context

...to use EDIbased or XML-based e-business frameworks.sThe number of sites can be used as a proxy for the geographical scope. The scope hassbeen found to increase the demand for ICT (Dewan et al., 1998; =-=Hitt, 1999-=-) and to havesa positive effect on the adoption of e-business (Forman, 2005; Zhu et al., 2003).sCompanies that have business units at different addresses have to manage themssimultaneously. A broader ...

Citation Context

...or use B2Bi.s2 EDI-based and XML-based e-business frameworkssAlthough differences between organisations are often inevitable, standards bringsbenefits by reducing company specificity and uncertainty (=-=Bakos 1991-=-). Open standardssensure that larger companies can easily extend their partner communities by increasingsthe efficiency of their business, and smaller companies that have found proprietarystechnologie...

Citation Context

...1; Mackay and Rosier,s1996; Premkumar et al., 1997; Zhu et al., 2003). Customer-initiated users of EDI havesgreater strategic benefits from EDI than voluntary users (Sriram et al., 2000) or nonusers (=-=Mukhopadhyay and Kekre, 2002-=-). If a company has other companies instead ofsconsumers or government organisations as its primary customers, the company is moreslikely to experience pressure from the outside.sH6. Companies whose p...

Citation Context

...ize (Child, 1973).s9sThe literature underlines the positive influence of the number of employees on thesadoption of EDI or e-business (Banerjee and Golhar, 1994; Forman, 2005; Hill andsScudder, 2002; =-=Premkumar et al., 1997-=-; Yasin et al., 2006; Zhu et al., 2003). Thesnumber of employees has a direct positive effect on the benefits from EDI (Mackay andsRosier, 1996). Larger companies in terms of the number of employees t...

Citation Context

...ay.sThere is no consensus over the term for the standards for B2Bi. These standards havesbeen called B2B interaction standards (Medjahed et al., 2003), B2Bi protocols (Bussler,s2003), B2B frameworks (=-=Shim et al., 2000-=-), e-business frameworks (Nurmilaakso andsKotinurmi, 2004), e-business interfaces (Gosain et al., 2003), interorganisationalsbusiness process standards (Bala and Venkatesh, 2007), and interorganisatio...

Citation Context

...e-business, it is important to understand B2Bi and itssfacilitators. Despite considerable interest in e-business, the literature reveals gaps in thesunderstanding of B2Bi (Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2004; =-=Ngai and Wat, 2002-=-; Power,s2005; Wareham et al., 2005). Kauffman and Walden (2001) have suggested furthersresearch on the role of the XML standard for data sharing in e-business. Compared tosEDI or EDI-based B2Bi (Elga...

Citation Context

...s.s3s1 IntroductionsSince the 1960s companies have utilised Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) that is thesinterorganisational exchange of business documents in a structured machineprocessable format (=-=Emmelhainz, 1990-=-). EDI is not limited to business-to-businesss(B2B) electronic commerce (e-commerce), which focuses on the use of information andscommunication technologies (ICT) in selling and buying activities. EDI...

Citation Context

...liers, and goods and services soldsand bought In addition, it is far from certain why companies use B2Bi. There issevidence that EDI does not necessarily increase sales (Mukhopadhyay and Kekre, 2002;s=-=Venkatraman and Zaheer, 1990-=-), but it can reduce operating costs and improvesinventory turnover (Lee et al., 1999; Mukhopadhyay and Kekre, 2002; Mukhopadhyayset al., 1995). The key issue is the impacts of the use of B2Bi on busi...

Citation Context

...2006).sLarge companies generally possess the resources that can facilitate B2Bi. The numbersof employees, the volume of sales, and the number of sites have been used as a measuresof the company size (=-=Child, 1973-=-).s9sThe literature underlines the positive influence of the number of employees on thesadoption of EDI or e-business (Banerjee and Golhar, 1994; Forman, 2005; Hill andsScudder, 2002; Premkumar et al....

Citation Context

...een used as a measuresof the company size (Child, 1973).s9sThe literature underlines the positive influence of the number of employees on thesadoption of EDI or e-business (Banerjee and Golhar, 1994; =-=Forman, 2005-=-; Hill andsScudder, 2002; Premkumar et al., 1997; Yasin et al., 2006; Zhu et al., 2003). Thesnumber of employees has a direct positive effect on the benefits from EDI (Mackay andsRosier, 1996). Larger...

Citation Context

...itors and business partners describe the area in which the company operates. ThesTOE framework has empirical support in the adoption of EDI (Chwelos et al., 2001;sKuan and Chau, 2001) and e-business (=-=Hong and Zhu, 2006-=-; Zhu et al., 2003).s3.2 Technological factorsIn e-business, the information systems need to work with other internal and externalsinformation systems. Companies have invested heavily in enterprise re...

Citation Context

...recognise both the strategic and operational benefits from EDI in greater proportionssthan smaller users. The users of EDI have a higher volume of sales than the non-userss(Banerjee and Golhar, 1994; =-=Hill and Scudder, 2002-=-). Larger companies in terms of thesvolume of sales tend to have a higher volume of business interactions, which justifiessthe investment into B2Bi.sH3. Companies that have a higher volume of sales ar...

Citation Context

...les are more likely to use EDIbased or XML-based e-business frameworks.sThe number of sites can be used as a proxy for the geographical scope. The scope hassbeen found to increase the demand for ICT (=-=Dewan et al., 1998-=-; Hitt, 1999) and to havesa positive effect on the adoption of e-business (Forman, 2005; Zhu et al., 2003).sCompanies that have business units at different addresses have to manage themssimultaneously...

Citation Context

... B2Bi has been traditionally implemented over value-added networks and XMLbased B2Bi over the Internet (Nurmilaakso and Kotinurmi, 2004). Nowadays, EDIbased B2Bi can be implemented over the Internet (=-=Angeles, 2000-=-).s3 Hypothesess3.1 Technology-organisation-environment frameworksA theoretical model for B2Bi needs to take into account factors that affect thespropensity to use EDI-based or XML-based e-business fr...

Citation Context

... the number of sites have been used as a measuresof the company size (Child, 1973).s9sThe literature underlines the positive influence of the number of employees on thesadoption of EDI or e-business (=-=Banerjee and Golhar, 1994-=-; Forman, 2005; Hill andsScudder, 2002; Premkumar et al., 1997; Yasin et al., 2006; Zhu et al., 2003). Thesnumber of employees has a direct positive effect on the benefits from EDI (Mackay andsRosier,...

Citation Context

...nged.sThe XML format has been regarded as more flexible and less expensive in B2Bi thansthe EDI formats (Goldfarb and Prescod, 2003; Gosain et al., 2003; Nurmilaakso andsKotinurmi, 2004; Power, 2005; =-=Reimers, 2001-=-). There are also arguments that thesbenefits of the XML format do not outweigh its costs, and it will not replace the EDIsformats in the near future (Kanakamedala et al., 2003; Wareham et al., 2005)....

Citation Context

...derstand B2Bi and itssfacilitators. Despite considerable interest in e-business, the literature reveals gaps in thesunderstanding of B2Bi (Gunasekaran and Ngai, 2004; Ngai and Wat, 2002; Power,s2005; =-=Wareham et al., 2005-=-). Kauffman and Walden (2001) have suggested furthersresearch on the role of the XML standard for data sharing in e-business. Compared tosEDI or EDI-based B2Bi (Elgarah et al., 2005), the number of em...

Citation Context

...e measure the company. Environmental factors such asscompetitors and business partners describe the area in which the company operates. ThesTOE framework has empirical support in the adoption of EDI (=-=Chwelos et al., 2001-=-;sKuan and Chau, 2001) and e-business (Hong and Zhu, 2006; Zhu et al., 2003).s3.2 Technological factorsIn e-business, the information systems need to work with other internal and externalsinformation ...

Citation Context

...ave a comparative advantage with respect to the implementationsof new technologies (Bartel and Lichtenberg, 1987). Highly educated employees whosuse ICT have higher productivity than other employees (=-=Hempell, 2005-=-). Companiesswhose employees have a higher education have better capabilities to B2Bi.sH5. Companies whose employees have a higher education are more likely to usesEDI-based or XML-based e-business fr...

Citation Context

...r number of enterprise information systems aresmore likely to use EDI-based or XML-based e-business frameworks.s3.3 Organisational factorssCompany size is commonly cited in ICT innovation literature (=-=Lee and Xia, 2006-=-).sLarge companies generally possess the resources that can facilitate B2Bi. The numbersof employees, the volume of sales, and the number of sites have been used as a measuresof the company size (Chil...

Citation Context

...formation systems aresnot interoperable, human intervention is needed to prepare the input data forsinformation systems to produce the output data. Fortunately, standards facilitatesinteroperability (=-=Lyytinen and King, 2006-=-). Finding an appropriate standard has becomesincreasingly important in e-business. In fact, standards play an essential role in B2Bis4s(Bussler, 2003; Medjahed et al., 2003; Nurmilaakso and Kotinurmi...

Citation Context

...empirical studies ofsXML-based B2Bi is modest. In addition, the statistical analyses of XML-based B2Bisare rare. Empirical studies that cover XML-based B2Bi are case studies (Kärkkäinen etsal., 2007; =-=Lu et al., 2006-=-; Nurmilaakso et al., 2002; Yen et al., 2004), or they focus onsfew industries or countries (Chituc et al., 2008; Fu et al., 2007; Legner and Schemm,s2008; Wigand and Steinfield, 2005) or on RosettaNe...

Citation Context

... (Lyytinen and King, 2006). Finding an appropriate standard has becomesincreasingly important in e-business. In fact, standards play an essential role in B2Bis4s(Bussler, 2003; Medjahed et al., 2003; =-=Nurmilaakso and Kotinurmi, 2004-=-; Shim et al.,s2000). Standardisation for B2Bi happens on two levels. A data format is a low-levelsstandard that defines the data structures and data elements in general. AccreditedsStandards Committe...

Citation Context

...2002; Power,s2005; Wareham et al., 2005). Kauffman and Walden (2001) have suggested furthersresearch on the role of the XML standard for data sharing in e-business. Compared tosEDI or EDI-based B2Bi (=-=Elgarah et al., 2005-=-), the number of empirical studies ofsXML-based B2Bi is modest. In addition, the statistical analyses of XML-based B2Bisare rare. Empirical studies that cover XML-based B2Bi are case studies (Kärkkäin...

Citation Context

...es (Kärkkäinen etsal., 2007; Lu et al., 2006; Nurmilaakso et al., 2002; Yen et al., 2004), or they focus onsfew industries or countries (Chituc et al., 2008; Fu et al., 2007; Legner and Schemm,s2008; =-=Wigand and Steinfield, 2005-=-) or on RosettaNet, an XML-based e-businesss5sframework (Bala and Venkatesh, 2007; Chong and Ooi, 2008; Gosain et al., 2003;sMalhotra et al., 2007).sThis paper statistically analyses factors that are ...

Citation Context

...2004), or they focus onsfew industries or countries (Chituc et al., 2008; Fu et al., 2007; Legner and Schemm,s2008; Wigand and Steinfield, 2005) or on RosettaNet, an XML-based e-businesss5sframework (=-=Bala and Venkatesh, 2007-=-; Chong and Ooi, 2008; Gosain et al., 2003;sMalhotra et al., 2007).sThis paper statistically analyses factors that are expected to facilitate EDI-based orsXML-based B2Bi, i.e. the use of EDI-based or ...

Citation Context

...ngsthe efficiency of their business, and smaller companies that have found proprietarystechnologies too complex and costly can select the level of online communicationsappropriate for their business (=-=Gunasekaran et al., 2002-=-). The main purpose of standardssfor B2Bi is to support automated business interactions, i.e., electronic exchange ofsbusiness documents in the business processes. Companies can become interoperable i...

Citation Context

... ofsXML-based B2Bi is modest. In addition, the statistical analyses of XML-based B2Bisare rare. Empirical studies that cover XML-based B2Bi are case studies (Kärkkäinen etsal., 2007; Lu et al., 2006; =-=Nurmilaakso et al., 2002-=-; Yen et al., 2004), or they focus onsfew industries or countries (Chituc et al., 2008; Fu et al., 2007; Legner and Schemm,s2008; Wigand and Steinfield, 2005) or on RosettaNet, an XML-based e-business...

Citation Context

...are. Empirical studies that cover XML-based B2Bi are case studies (Kärkkäinen etsal., 2007; Lu et al., 2006; Nurmilaakso et al., 2002; Yen et al., 2004), or they focus onsfew industries or countries (=-=Chituc et al., 2008-=-; Fu et al., 2007; Legner and Schemm,s2008; Wigand and Steinfield, 2005) or on RosettaNet, an XML-based e-businesss5sframework (Bala and Venkatesh, 2007; Chong and Ooi, 2008; Gosain et al., 2003;sMalh...

Citation Context

...w industries or countries (Chituc et al., 2008; Fu et al., 2007; Legner and Schemm,s2008; Wigand and Steinfield, 2005) or on RosettaNet, an XML-based e-businesss5sframework (Bala and Venkatesh, 2007; =-=Chong and Ooi, 2008-=-; Gosain et al., 2003;sMalhotra et al., 2007).sThis paper statistically analyses factors that are expected to facilitate EDI-based orsXML-based B2Bi, i.e. the use of EDI-based or XML-based e-business ...

Citation Context

...or e-business (Chwelos et al., 2001; Mackay and Rosier,s1996; Premkumar et al., 1997; Zhu et al., 2003). Customer-initiated users of EDI havesgreater strategic benefits from EDI than voluntary users (=-=Sriram et al., 2000-=-) or nonusers (Mukhopadhyay and Kekre, 2002). If a company has other companies instead ofsconsumers or government organisations as its primary customers, the company is moreslikely to experience press...

Citation Context

...se B2Bi. There issevidence that EDI does not necessarily increase sales (Mukhopadhyay and Kekre, 2002;sVenkatraman and Zaheer, 1990), but it can reduce operating costs and improvesinventory turnover (=-=Lee et al., 1999-=-; Mukhopadhyay and Kekre, 2002; Mukhopadhyayset al., 1995). The key issue is the impacts of the use of B2Bi on business performancessuch as return on sales, return on assets, or selling, general, and ...

Citation Context

...er internal and externalsinformation systems. Companies have invested heavily in enterprise resource plannings(ERP), supply chain management (SCM), and customer relationship managements(CRM) systems (=-=Falk, 2005-=-). Companies with high technological capability tend tosenjoy greater readiness for e-business (Hong and Zhu, 2006; Yasin et al., 2006; Zhu etsal., 2003). E-business frameworks establish an ICT infras...

Citation Context

...o andsKotinurmi, 2004; Power, 2005; Reimers, 2001). There are also arguments that thesbenefits of the XML format do not outweigh its costs, and it will not replace the EDIsformats in the near future (=-=Kanakamedala et al., 2003-=-; Wareham et al., 2005). EDIbased B2Bi has been traditionally implemented over value-added networks and XMLbased B2Bi over the Internet (Nurmilaakso and Kotinurmi, 2004). Nowadays, EDIbased B2Bi can b...

Citation Context

...s that cover XML-based B2Bi are case studies (Kärkkäinen etsal., 2007; Lu et al., 2006; Nurmilaakso et al., 2002; Yen et al., 2004), or they focus onsfew industries or countries (Chituc et al., 2008; =-=Fu et al., 2007-=-; Legner and Schemm,s2008; Wigand and Steinfield, 2005) or on RosettaNet, an XML-based e-businesss5sframework (Bala and Venkatesh, 2007; Chong and Ooi, 2008; Gosain et al., 2003;sMalhotra et al., 2007...

Citation Context

...ain management (SCM), and customer relationship managements(CRM) systems (Falk, 2005). Companies with high technological capability tend tosenjoy greater readiness for e-business (Hong and Zhu, 2006; =-=Yasin et al., 2006-=-; Zhu etsal., 2003). E-business frameworks establish an ICT infrastructure that can integrate thesenterprise information systems of the company with its business partners.sH1. Companies that have a la...

Citation Context

...st. In addition, the statistical analyses of XML-based B2Bisare rare. Empirical studies that cover XML-based B2Bi are case studies (Kärkkäinen etsal., 2007; Lu et al., 2006; Nurmilaakso et al., 2002; =-=Yen et al., 2004-=-), or they focus onsfew industries or countries (Chituc et al., 2008; Fu et al., 2007; Legner and Schemm,s2008; Wigand and Steinfield, 2005) or on RosettaNet, an XML-based e-businesss5sframework (Bala...