TGF-� regulation of human macrophage scavenger receptor CD163 is Smad3-dependent

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TGF-� regulation of human macrophage scavenger receptor CD163 is Smad3-dependent (2004)

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by Patricia A. Pioli , Katie E. Goonan , Kathleen Wardwell , Paul M. Guyre

Venue:	J. Leukocyte Biol
Citations:	3 - 1 self

Citations

381	Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-beta family signalling. - Derynck, YE - 2003
164	Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-β1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease,” - Shull, Ormsby, et al. - 1992 (Show Context) Citation Context ...eted disruption of TGF-1 in mice is characterized by the generation of an early post-natal wasting syndrome that is accompanied by a massive multifocal inflammatory cell response and tissue necrosis =-=[42]-=-. Levels of circulating monocytes are elevated in these animals [42], and inflammatory infiltrates include large macrophages [42]. Based on these studies, which confirm a major role of TGF- as an in ...
85	The MAD-related protein Smad7 associates with the TGFbeta receptor and functions as an antagonist of TGFbeta signaling,” - Hayashi, Abdollah, et al. - 1997
79	TGFß signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins. - Heldin, Kohei, et al. - 1997 (Show Context) Citation Context ...es [21–24]. Binding of TGF- to its cognate receptor activates the receptor kinase, which induces phosphorylation and activation of members of the Smad family of signaling molecules (reviewed in ref. =-=[25]-=-). Once phosphorylated, the receptor-regulated or pathway-restricted Smads (Smad2 and Smad3) associate with the common-mediator Smad (Smad4; reviewed in refs. [26–28]). The resulting heteromeric prote...
65	Partnership between DPC4 and SMAD proteins in TGF-[beta] signaling pathways, - Lagna, Hata, et al. - 1996
64	Identification of the haemoglobin scavenger receptor. - Kristiansen, JH, et al. - 2001 (Show Context) Citation Context ...a indicate that CD163 mediates the endocytosis of hemoglobin complexed with haptoglobin, suggesting that CD163 regulates cellular homeostasis by attenuating the inflammatory consequences of hemolysis =-=[10]-=-. High levels of CD163 “bright” macrophages are detected in healing tissues [11] and have been reported to release an incompletely characterized anti-inflammatory mediator [12]. In addition, glucocort...
64	Receptor-associated Mad homologues synergize as effectors of the TGF-b response. - Zhang, Feng, et al. - 1996 (Show Context) Citation Context ...-1 (PAI-1) luciferase construct was the gift of Harvey Lodish [37], and the Smad3 and Smad2 dominant-negative constructs, Smad3C and Smad2C-F, were kindly provided by Rik Derynck (described in ref. =-=[28]-=-). Transient transfection and luciferase assay RAW264.7 cells, plated 18 h before transfection at a density of 2 105 cells per well on 24-well tissue-culture dishes, were transfected using Lipofecta...
60	A human Mad protein acting as a BMP-regulated transcriptional activator. - Liu, Hata, et al. - 1996 (Show Context) Citation Context ...mplex translocates to the nucleus, where it regulates expression of TGF- target genes by directly binding to DNA and/or by interaction with other transcription factors, coactivators, or corepressors =-=[29, 30]-=-. The TGF- response may also be modulated by the inhibitory Smads (Smad6 and Smad7), which interfere with the activation of the receptor-regulated Smads [31–33]. The complexity of biological response...
55	Regulation of scavenger receptor CD163 expression in human monocytes and macrophages by pro- and antiinflammatory stimuli,” - Buechler, Ritter, et al. - 2000 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ournal of Leukocyte Biology Volume 76, August 2004 http://www.jleukbio.org RESULTS CD163 surface expression is markedly diminished by treatment with TGF- Previous studies have demonstrated that IL-6 =-=[38]-=-, GC [13], and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 [14] up-regulate expression of CD163. In contrast, macrophages treated with interferon- (IFN-) and tumor necrosis factorsexhibit reduced CD163 lev...
53	Mice lacking Smad3 show accelerated wound healing and an impaired local inflammatory response. Nat Cell Biol. - GS, Yang, et al. - 1999 (Show Context) Citation Context ...essed in a tissuespecific manner, and the highest level of expression is detected in the spleen and thymus [61]. Moreover, the chemotactic response to TGF- is impaired in Smad3-deficient macrophages =-=[62]-=-. Taken together, these observations are consistent with a role for Smad3 in immune regulation. Smad3-mediated repression of CD163 gene expression may involve direct Smad/DNA interactions or Smad modu...
39	TGF-beta inhibits muscle differentiation through functional repression of myogenic transcription factors by Smad3. - Liu, BL, et al. - 2001 (Show Context) Citation Context ... transcription [57, 58]. In mesenchymal cells, Smad3 represses the functions of core binding factor-s1 in osteoblastic differentiation [59] and of myogenic basic helixloop-helix transcription factors =-=[60]-=-. Furthermore, Werner et al. [41] identified Smad3 as the critical effector of TGF-- mediated inhibition of macrophage activation. It is notable that Smad3, unlike Smad2 and Smad4, is expressed in a ...
37	Sorg C. Identification of the integral membrane protein RM3/1 on human monocytes as a glucocorticoid-inducible member of the scavenger receptor cysteines-rich family (CD163 - Hogger, Dreier, et al. - 1998 (Show Context) Citation Context ...n to be correlated with resolution of these disease states [4–7]. Exclusively expressed on macrophages and monocytes, CD163 is a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich family of glycoproteins =-=[8, 9]-=-. Recent data indicate that CD163 mediates the endocytosis of hemoglobin complexed with haptoglobin, suggesting that CD163 regulates cellular homeostasis by attenuating the inflammatory consequences o...
33	Association of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 and C proteins with reiterated AUUUA sequences, - Hamilton, Nagy, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ... 2 h before treatment with TGF-. Preparation of subcellular fractions and immunoblotting Cytosolic lysates were prepared using a method characterized by its lack of contamination by nuclear proteins =-=[36]-=-. Briefly, cells were washed twice in 1 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and then lysed by gentle resuspension in 1% Triton X-100 lysis buffer (50 L/2107 cells) consisting of 10 mM PIPES, pH 6.8, 10...
31	Targeted disruption of Smad3 reveals an essential role in transforming growth factor beta-mediated signal transduction - Datto, Frederick, et al. - 1999 (Show Context) Citation Context ...nhibition of macrophage activation. It is notable that Smad3, unlike Smad2 and Smad4, is expressed in a tissuespecific manner, and the highest level of expression is detected in the spleen and thymus =-=[61]-=-. Moreover, the chemotactic response to TGF- is impaired in Smad3-deficient macrophages [62]. Taken together, these observations are consistent with a role for Smad3 in immune regulation. Smad3-media...
28	Identification of Smad7, a TGF-inducible antagonist of TGF- signalling. - Nakao, Afrakhte, et al. - 1997
28	Smad6 inhibits signalling by the TGF- superfamily. - Imamura, Takase, et al. - 1997
28	Controlling TGF- signaling - Massague, YG
27	Expression and secretion of type p transforming growth factor by activated human macrophages - Assoian, Fleurdelys, et al. - 1987
25	A monoclonal antibody to a novel differentiation antigen on human macrophages associated with the down-regulatory phase of the inflammatory process. Exp Cell Biol - Zwadlo, Voegeli, et al. - 1987 (Show Context) Citation Context ...oglobin, suggesting that CD163 regulates cellular homeostasis by attenuating the inflammatory consequences of hemolysis [10]. High levels of CD163 “bright” macrophages are detected in healing tissues =-=[11]-=- and have been reported to release an incompletely characterized anti-inflammatory mediator [12]. In addition, glucocorticoids (GC) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) induce mar...
25	Regulaiton of smad signalling by protein associations and signalling crosstalk - Zhang, Derynck - 1999
25	Smads as transcriptional comodulators - Attisano, Wrana - 2000 (Show Context) Citation Context ...cumented that TGF--induced transcriptional activation occurs via cooperation of Smads with sequence-specific transcription factors and that Smad corepressors reduce this activation (reviewed in ref. =-=[52]-=-). In contrast, relatively little is known about Smad-mediated transcriptional repression. It is clear, however, that each Smad protein modulates a distinct repertoire of transcriptional responses. Th...
24	Transforming growth factor type b induces monocyte chemotaxis and ghrowth factor production - Wahl, Hunt, et al. - 1987 (Show Context) Citation Context ...flammation-associated surge in cortisol and IL-10 [45]. Conversely, resting monocytes express 400 high-affinity type I/II TGF- receptors, rendering them exquisitely sensitive to low levels of TGF- =-=[68, 69]-=-. As levels of TGF- increase during the inflammatory process, TGF- receptor expression on activated monocytes and macrophages plummets, leading to a subsequent decline in sensitivity to TGF- [20, 7...
19	Synergistic cooperation of TFE3 and smad proteins in TGF-beta-induced transcription of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene - Hua, Liu, et al. - 1998 (Show Context) Citation Context ... region from –2471 to 43 was subcloned into the pGL3 basic vector to generate CD163-luciferase (LUC). The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) luciferase construct was the gift of Harvey Lodish =-=[37]-=-, and the Smad3 and Smad2 dominant-negative constructs, Smad3C and Smad2C-F, were kindly provided by Rik Derynck (described in ref. [28]). Transient transfection and luciferase assay RAW264.7 cells,...
18	Smads and early developmental signaling by the TGF superfamily. - Whitman - 1998
18	A mechanism of repression of TGF-/Smad signaling by oncogenic Ras. - Kretzschmar, Doody, et al. - 1999 (Show Context) Citation Context ...g transcriptional regulation. For example, oncogenic ras, through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), alters Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation in a manner that precludes their entry to the nucleus =-=[51]-=-. Notably, activated Smad2 and Smad3 were detected in our nuclear lysates, indicating that the TGF--induced transcriptional repression of CD163 was not the consequence of impeded nuclear translocatio...
18	TGF-[beta]-induced repression of CBFA1 by Smad3 decreases cbfa1 and osteocalcin expression and inhibits osteoblast differentiation. - Alliston, Choy, et al. - 2001 (Show Context) Citation Context ...[56] and also attenuates the GC-dependent increase in haptoglobin transcription [57, 58]. In mesenchymal cells, Smad3 represses the functions of core binding factor-s1 in osteoblastic differentiation =-=[59]-=- and of myogenic basic helixloop-helix transcription factors [60]. Furthermore, Werner et al. [41] identified Smad3 as the critical effector of TGF-- mediated inhibition of macrophage activation. It ...
17	Isolation of leucocytes from human blood. Further observations. Methylcellulose, dextran, and ficoll as erythrocyteaggregating agents,” - Bøyum - 1968 (Show Context) Citation Context ...nse. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolation of human mononuclear cells and cell culture Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from heparinized whole blood by using Ficoll-Hypaque (d1.077) =-=[34]-=-. Monocytes were purified from mononuclear cell fractions as described by Mentzer et al. [35]. Primary human monocytes and mouse RAW264.7 cells (obtained from American Type Culture Collection, Manassa...
17	How cells read TGF- b signals - Massagué - 2000 (Show Context) Citation Context ...s, a novel family of signaling proteins [48–50]. Following TGF- receptor ligation, heteromeric Smad complexes translocate into the nucleus and act as transcription factors for TGF--responsive genes =-=[50]-=-. The subcellular localization of these complexes is critical for mediating transcriptional regulation. For example, oncogenic ras, through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), alters Smad2 and Sm...
16	GS: Bidirectional regulation of macrophage function by TGF-beta - Ashcroft - 1999 (Show Context) Citation Context ... in the regulation of inflammation. In addition to its role as a macrophage-deactivating agent, TGF- can function as a macrophage activator, regulating cytokine production and mediating host defense =-=[15, 20]-=-. Signal transduction initiated by TGF- confers specificity to these responses [21–24]. Binding of TGF- to its cognate receptor activates the receptor kinase, which induces phosphorylation and activ...
16	Heteromeric and homomeric interactions correlate with signaling activity and functional cooperativity of - RY, Zhang, et al. - 1997
15	Induction of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist protein by transforming growth factor-b - Turner, Chantry, et al. - 1991 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ivity of other cytokines by modulating receptor and receptor-antagonist expression. For example, TGF- induces monocyte synthesis of IL-1, which then stimulates expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist =-=[66, 67]-=-. Thus, the function of TGF- is largely context-dependent, influenced by the state of cellular differentiation, the local cytokine milieu, and circulating levels of this cytokine itself. The results ...
14	Human monocytes express CD163, which is upregulated by IL-10 and identical to p155. - Sulahian, Hogger, et al. - 2000 (Show Context) Citation Context ...e an incompletely characterized anti-inflammatory mediator [12]. In addition, glucocorticoids (GC) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) induce markedly higher expression of CD163 =-=[13, 14]-=-. Collectively, these data suggest a functional role for CD163 as a mediator against systemic inflammation. The pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor- (TGF-) mediates a wide variety of eff...
14	Smad proteins suppress CCAAT/enhancerbinding protein (C/EBP)β- and STAT3-mediated transcriptional activation of the haptoglobin promoter. - Zauberman, Lapter, et al. - 2001 (Show Context) Citation Context ... is also context-dependent. In epithelial cells, TGF-/ Smad3 signaling inhibits transcription by the androgen receptor [56] and also attenuates the GC-dependent increase in haptoglobin transcription =-=[57, 58]-=-. In mesenchymal cells, Smad3 represses the functions of core binding factor-s1 in osteoblastic differentiation [59] and of myogenic basic helixloop-helix transcription factors [60]. Furthermore, Wern...
13	SMAD3 represses androgen receptor-mediated transcription. Cancer Res - Hayes, Zarnegar, et al. - 2001 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ression by TGF-. Transcriptional regulation of gene expression by Smad proteins is also context-dependent. In epithelial cells, TGF-/ Smad3 signaling inhibits transcription by the androgen receptor =-=[56]-=- and also attenuates the GC-dependent increase in haptoglobin transcription [57, 58]. In mesenchymal cells, Smad3 represses the functions of core binding factor-s1 in osteoblastic differentiation [59]...
13	Transforming growth factor b: A matter of life and death - McCartney-Francis, Wahl - 1994 (Show Context) Citation Context ...8, 69]. As levels of TGF- increase during the inflammatory process, TGF- receptor expression on activated monocytes and macrophages plummets, leading to a subsequent decline in sensitivity to TGF- =-=[20, 70]-=-. Thus, although TGF- may suppress CD163 expression during the early stages of inflammation, it is likely that the up-regulation of CD163 by IL-10 and GC would predominate during the resolving stages...
12	Specificity, diversity and regulation in TGF- superfamily signaling. - Piek, CH, et al. - 1999
12	Endotoxin induces rapid metalloproteinase-mediated shedding followed by up-regulation of the monocyte hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 - Hintz, Rassias, et al. - 2002 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ved within 2 h. This indicates that the TGF--mediated suppression of CD163 expression was not a result of acute shedding of surface CD163, as occurs following treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) =-=[39]-=- or phorbol ester [40]. TGF- suppresses CD163 mRNA and cytosolic protein levels Given the decline in CD163 surface expression observed with TGF- treatment, experiments were performed to elucidate th...
12	Shedding of CD163, a novel regulatory mechanism for a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich family - Droste, Sorg, et al. - 1999 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ndicates that the TGF--mediated suppression of CD163 expression was not a result of acute shedding of surface CD163, as occurs following treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [39] or phorbol ester =-=[40]-=-. TGF- suppresses CD163 mRNA and cytosolic protein levels Given the decline in CD163 surface expression observed with TGF- treatment, experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanism of this do...
10	A new macrophage differentiation antigen which is a member of the scavenger receptor superfamily - Law, Micklem, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...n to be correlated with resolution of these disease states [4–7]. Exclusively expressed on macrophages and monocytes, CD163 is a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich family of glycoproteins =-=[8, 9]-=-. Recent data indicate that CD163 mediates the endocytosis of hemoglobin complexed with haptoglobin, suggesting that CD163 regulates cellular homeostasis by attenuating the inflammatory consequences o...
10	Spontaneous aggregation as a mechanism of human monocyte purification. Cell. Immunol - Mentzer, Guyre, et al. - 1986 (Show Context) Citation Context ...lood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from heparinized whole blood by using Ficoll-Hypaque (d1.077) [34]. Monocytes were purified from mononuclear cell fractions as described by Mentzer et al. =-=[35]-=-. Primary human monocytes and mouse RAW264.7 cells (obtained from American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA) were cultured in Hepes-buffered RPMI1640 medium (Cellgro, by Mediatech, Herndon, VA) s...
10	Only soluble form of the scavenger receptor CD163 acts inhibitory on phorbol ester-activated T-lymphocytes, whereas membrane-bound protein has no effect. FEBS Letters - Frings, Dreier, et al. (Show Context) Citation Context ...ssociated with inflammatory conditions [44–46]. As recent reports indicate that soluble CD163 may inhibit human T lymphocyte activation and thereby facilitate suppression of the inflammatory response =-=[47]-=-, studies were undertaken to determine whether reduced cell-surface expression in response to TGF- was a result of shedding. It is intriguing that although surface expression of CD163 was inhibited b...
9	Identification of the hemoglobin scavenger receptor/CD163 as a natural soluble protein in plasma - Møller, Peterslund, et al. - 2002 (Show Context) Citation Context ..., is also down-regulated in response to TGF- in HS-P macrophage-like cells [43]. In addition to the full-length moiety, a soluble form of CD163 has been identified as an abundant component of plasma =-=[44]-=-. Soluble CD163 can be generated via shedding of the cell-surface protein in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [40] and LPS [39], and elevated plasma CD163 has been associated with inflammat...
8	Macrophages expressing the scavenger receptor CD163 a link between immune alterations of the gut and synovial inflammation in spondyloarthropathy - Baeten, Demetter, et al. - 2002
7	The key role of macrophages in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis - Mahida (Show Context) Citation Context ...oid signal transduction INTRODUCTION Macrophages are critically involved in many inflammatory disease states, including rheumatoid athritis (reviewed in ref. [1]), Crohn’s disease (reviewed in ref. =-=[2]-=-), and spondyloarthropathy (reviewed in ref. [3]). In these disease settings, activated macrophages elaborate a variety of cytokines, growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, and receptors that modulate t...
7	Elevated levels of soluble CD163 in sera and fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients and inhibition of the shedding of CD163 by TIMP-3. - Matsushita, Kashiwagi, et al. - 2002
5	TGF-: a balancing act - McCartney-Francis, Frazier-Jessen, et al. - 1998 (Show Context) Citation Context ...t systemic inflammation. The pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor- (TGF-) mediates a wide variety of effects on cellular differentiation, activation, and proliferation (reviewed in refs. =-=[15, 16]-=-). Most cell types, including macrophages and monocytes, produce TGF-, which regulates such diverse functions as monocyte activation, cytokine production, host defense, and chemotaxis [17–19]. Recent...
5	Transforming growth factor- repression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in dermal fibroblasts involves Smad3 - Yuan, Varga (Show Context) Citation Context ...and Smad3 are differentially required for the regulation of particular genes. For example, Smad3 has been implicated in the transcriptional repression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and MMP-12 =-=[53, 54]-=-, and Smad2 has been identified as the mediator of E-selectin transcriptional inhibition [55]. Our findings support this unique pattern of regulation, as we demonstrate an essential role for Smad3, bu...
5	Transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-1) and TGF-2 decrease expression of CD36, the type B scavenger receptor, through mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor - Han, Hajjar, et al. - 2000 (Show Context) Citation Context ...reased spontaneous shedding. It is interesting that treatment of phorbol-ester-differentiated THP-1 macrophages with TGF- decreased mRNA and surface expression of the class B scavenger receptor CD36 =-=[64]-=-. These studies demonstrated that inhibition of CD36 expression was mediated by TGF--induced stimulation of MAPK signaling pathways [64]. As CD163 is also a class B scavenger receptor, we investigate...
4	Differential effects of transforming growth factor-beta1, a fibrogenic factor, on macrophage-like cells (HS-P) and myofibroblastic cells (MT-9) in vitro - Yamate, Maeda, et al. - 2001 (Show Context) Citation Context ...TGF--treated monocytes. It is intriguing that expression of the ED2 antigen, recently identified as the rat CD163 homologue, is also down-regulated in response to TGF- in HS-P macrophage-like cells =-=[43]-=-. In addition to the full-length moiety, a soluble form of CD163 has been identified as an abundant component of plasma [44]. Soluble CD163 can be generated via shedding of the cell-surface protein in...
4	Plasma level of the macrophage-derived soluble CD163 is increased and positively correlates with severity in Gaucher's disease - Møller, Fost, et al. - 2004
4	Inhibition of E-selectin gene expression by transforming growth factor - DiChiara, Kiely, et al. - 2000 (Show Context) Citation Context ...has been implicated in the transcriptional repression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and MMP-12 [53, 54], and Smad2 has been identified as the mediator of E-selectin transcriptional inhibition =-=[55]-=-. Our findings support this unique pattern of regulation, as we demonstrate an essential role for Smad3, but not Smad2, in the inhibition of CD163 expression by TGF-. Transcriptional regulation of ge...
4	Attenuation of haptoglobin gene expression by TGFbeta requires the MAP kinase pathway. - Yu, Boudreau, et al. - 1999 (Show Context) Citation Context ... is also context-dependent. In epithelial cells, TGF-/ Smad3 signaling inhibits transcription by the androgen receptor [56] and also attenuates the GC-dependent increase in haptoglobin transcription =-=[57, 58]-=-. In mesenchymal cells, Smad3 represses the functions of core binding factor-s1 in osteoblastic differentiation [59] and of myogenic basic helixloop-helix transcription factors [60]. Furthermore, Wern...
4	Modulation of monocyte type I transforming growth factor-e receptors by inflammatory stimuli - Brandes, Wakefield, et al. - 1991 (Show Context) Citation Context ...flammation-associated surge in cortisol and IL-10 [45]. Conversely, resting monocytes express 400 high-affinity type I/II TGF- receptors, rendering them exquisitely sensitive to low levels of TGF- =-=[68, 69]-=-. As levels of TGF- increase during the inflammatory process, TGF- receptor expression on activated monocytes and macrophages plummets, leading to a subsequent decline in sensitivity to TGF- [20, 7...
3	Macrophage subpopulations in rheumatoid synovium: reduced CD163 expression in CD4+ T lymphocyte-rich microenvironments. Arthritis Rheum - Fonseca
3	Transforming growth factor (TGF-) in inflammation: a cause and a - Wahl - 1992 (Show Context) Citation Context ...t systemic inflammation. The pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor- (TGF-) mediates a wide variety of effects on cellular differentiation, activation, and proliferation (reviewed in refs. =-=[15, 16]-=-). Most cell types, including macrophages and monocytes, produce TGF-, which regulates such diverse functions as monocyte activation, cytokine production, host defense, and chemotaxis [17–19]. Recent...
3	TGF- regulates production of growth factors and TGF- by human peripheral blood monocytes. Growth Factors 4: 27–35 - McCartney-Francis, Mizel, et al.
3	Transforming growth factor-1 inhibition of macrophage activation is mediated via - Werner, Jain, et al. - 2000 (Show Context) Citation Context ...F- receptors precipitates downstream signaling events regulated by the phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear translocation of Smad proteins [25–30]]. Furthermore, studies conducted by Werner et al. =-=[41]-=- have demonstrated (using RAW 264.7 cells) that TGF- regulation of macrophage activation is mediated by Smad3. Based on these data, we examined the activation and localization of receptor-regulated S...
3	Transforming growth factor- inhibits adipocyte differentiation by Smad3 interacting with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) and repressing C/EBP transactivation function - Choy, Derynck - 2003 (Show Context) Citation Context ...es have suggested that activated Smad3 competes with AP-1 and NF-B for the transcriptional coactivator p300/CBP, which has been implicated in Smad signaling and is required for NF-B transactivation =-=[53, 54, 63]-=-. Under these conditions, sequestration of p300 by Smad3 would reduce p300 availability for interaction with NF-B, resulting in repression of NF-BFig. 7. Dominant-negative Smad3 inhibits TGF-- medi...
2	Gut inflammation and spondyloarthropathies,” - Keyser, Baeten, et al. - 2002 (Show Context) Citation Context ...es are critically involved in many inflammatory disease states, including rheumatoid athritis (reviewed in ref. [1]), Crohn’s disease (reviewed in ref. [2]), and spondyloarthropathy (reviewed in ref. =-=[3]-=-). In these disease settings, activated macrophages elaborate a variety of cytokines, growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, and receptors that modulate tissue damage and repair. Increased expression of...
2	New anti-inflammatory proteins secreted by human glucocorticoid-treated macrophages - Zwadlo-Klarwasser, Hamann, et al. - 1995 (Show Context) Citation Context ...nsequences of hemolysis [10]. High levels of CD163 “bright” macrophages are detected in healing tissues [11] and have been reported to release an incompletely characterized anti-inflammatory mediator =-=[12]-=-. In addition, glucocorticoids (GC) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) induce markedly higher expression of CD163 [13, 14]. Collectively, these data suggest a functional role fo...
2	The C-terminal domain of Mad-like signal transducers is sufficient for biological activity in the Xenopus embryo and transcriptional activation - Meersseman - 1997 (Show Context) Citation Context ...mplex translocates to the nucleus, where it regulates expression of TGF- target genes by directly binding to DNA and/or by interaction with other transcription factors, coactivators, or corepressors =-=[29, 30]-=-. The TGF- response may also be modulated by the inhibitory Smads (Smad6 and Smad7), which interfere with the activation of the receptor-regulated Smads [31–33]. The complexity of biological response...
2	Increase in plasma and surface CD163 levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery - Goldstein, Goldstein, et al. - 2003 (Show Context) Citation Context ... its resolution must be considered. Constitutive expression of CD163 by resting monocytes is relatively low, but it is markedly up-regulated by the inflammation-associated surge in cortisol and IL-10 =-=[45]-=-. Conversely, resting monocytes express 400 high-affinity type I/II TGF- receptors, rendering them exquisitely sensitive to low levels of TGF- [68, 69]. As levels of TGF- increase during the infla...
2	Transforming growth factor-1 inhibits cytokine-mediated induction of human metalloelastase in macrophages - Feinberg, Jain, et al. - 2000 (Show Context) Citation Context ...and Smad3 are differentially required for the regulation of particular genes. For example, Smad3 has been implicated in the transcriptional repression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and MMP-12 =-=[53, 54]-=-, and Smad2 has been identified as the mediator of E-selectin transcriptional inhibition [55]. Our findings support this unique pattern of regulation, as we demonstrate an essential role for Smad3, bu...
1	The role of macrophages in chronic arthritis - Berg, Lent - 1996 (Show Context) Citation Context ...s: cytokine inflammation glucocorticoid signal transduction INTRODUCTION Macrophages are critically involved in many inflammatory disease states, including rheumatoid athritis (reviewed in ref. =-=[1]-=-), Crohn’s disease (reviewed in ref. [2]), and spondyloarthropathy (reviewed in ref. [3]). In these disease settings, activated macrophages elaborate a variety of cytokines, growth factors, proteolyti...
1	Increased number of macrophages in non-inflamed colon of patients with spondyloarthropathy, a human model of early Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 118 - Demetter, Vos, et al. - 2000
1	Macrophage production of TGF- and regulation by - Wahl, McCartney-Francis, et al. - 1990
1	Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA is down-regulated in human dermal fibroblasts by dexamethasone: differential regulation by TGF-. Growth Factors 12 - Slavin, Unemori, et al. - 1995 (Show Context) Citation Context ...lly characterized as an anti-inflammatory modulator, recent studies have highlighted the bidirectional effect of TGF- on monocyte/macrophage function. In this regard, work conducted by Slavin et al. =-=[65]-=- has implicated a proinflammatory role for TGF- in the mediation of wound repair. In addition, TGF- has been shown to influence the activity of other cytokines by modulating receptor and receptor-an...
1	Transforming growth factor- mediates IL-1-dependent induction of IL-1 receptor antagonist - Wahl, Costa, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ivity of other cytokines by modulating receptor and receptor-antagonist expression. For example, TGF- induces monocyte synthesis of IL-1, which then stimulates expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist =-=[66, 67]-=-. Thus, the function of TGF- is largely context-dependent, influenced by the state of cellular differentiation, the local cytokine milieu, and circulating levels of this cytokine itself. The results ...