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...l reverberator was developed by Schroeder [1] over 30 years ago. His solution was based on a recursive structure constructed of parallel comb filters in series with two allpass filters. Later, Moorer =-=[2] i-=-mproved Schroeder’s algorithm and studied the definition of filter parameters so that more naturalsounding reverberation could be created. A further extension of the parallel comb filter approach wa...

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...onsiderable inputoutput delay. The zero-delay convolution or compromise between efficiency and delay can be achieved by splitting convolution into smaller separate convolutions as proposed by Gardner =-=[9]-=-. Fast convolution techniques make it possible to use very long filters up to several seconds [10]. However, the algorithm is fairly complex and the required memory for long reverberation is much larg...

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... digital signal processor is presented. Artificial reverberation has been used for dozens of years to add reverberation to studio recordings. The first digital reverberator was developed by Schroeder =-=[1] o-=-ver 30 years ago. His solution was based on a recursive structure constructed of parallel comb filters in series with two allpass filters. Later, Moorer [2] improved Schroeder’s algorithm and studie...

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...lters inside the delay-line loops to obtain more rapid build-up of the impulse response. Nowadays, the most sophisticated structure to create diffuse reverberation is the Feedback Delay Network (FDN) =-=[4, 5, 6]-=-. The main advantages of the FDN are the diffusion of reflections and an increasing reflection density versus time. In addition, the FDN produces uncorrelated delay-line outputs which still have energ...

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...lters inside the delay-line loops to obtain more rapid build-up of the impulse response. Nowadays, the most sophisticated structure to create diffuse reverberation is the Feedback Delay Network (FDN) =-=[4, 5, 6]-=-. The main advantages of the FDN are the diffusion of reflections and an increasing reflection density versus time. In addition, the FDN produces uncorrelated delay-line outputs which still have energ...

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... of all the delay lines, which enables the usage of high-quality reverberation also in multi-channel sound reproduction. A review of digital reverberation algorithms was recently presented by Gardner =-=[7]-=-. There are not many publications about reverberators for producing musical effects rather than for simulating natural spaces, although digital reverberators are commonly used for interesting effects....

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... publications about reverberators for producing musical effects rather than for simulating natural spaces, although digital reverberators are commonly used for interesting effects. Recently, Dattorro =-=[8]-=- discussed the design of such reverberators. The recursive filter structures used in traditional reverberation algorithms typically produce an exponentially decaying tail. Similar behavior can be obse...

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... and studied the definition of filter parameters so that more naturalsounding reverberation could be created. A further extension of the parallel comb filter approach was presented by Väänänen et a=-=l. [3]-=- who included allpass filters inside the delay-line loops to obtain more rapid build-up of the impulse response. Nowadays, the most sophisticated structure to create diffuse reverberation is the Feedb...

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...lters inside the delay-line loops to obtain more rapid build-up of the impulse response. Nowadays, the most sophisticated structure to create diffuse reverberation is the Feedback Delay Network (FDN) =-=[4, 5, 6]-=-. The main advantages of the FDN are the diffusion of reflections and an increasing reflection density versus time. In addition, the FDN produces uncorrelated delay-line outputs which still have energ...

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...lay can be achieved by splitting convolution into smaller separate convolutions as proposed by Gardner [9]. Fast convolution techniques make it possible to use very long filters up to several seconds =-=[10]-=-. However, the algorithm is fairly complex and the required memory for long reverberation is much larger than available in a typical DSP platform. A hybrid solution can be used when a fast buildup is ...

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...sing Non-causal processing is not directly applicable to real-time applications, but can be approximated with block processing. The technique has been used for realization of linear-phase IIR filters =-=[11,12]-=-. The fundamental problem with the concept is the truncation noise that is caused by segmentation. The truncation error can be minimized using larger data blocks or rearranging the polynomials in the ...

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...ck parameter of the comb filter is set to unity gain the filter preserves the energy and we get an integrating comb filter. A similar technique has been used in the context of integrating FIR filters =-=[13,14]-=-. Using one, two or three integrators the impulse response is made of step, line and quadratic segments respectively. Figure 6 shows an example second-order integrating filter structure. Two integrato...

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...sing Non-causal processing is not directly applicable to real-time applications, but can be approximated with block processing. The technique has been used for realization of linear-phase IIR filters =-=[11,12]-=-. The fundamental problem with the concept is the truncation noise that is caused by segmentation. The truncation error can be minimized using larger data blocks or rearranging the polynomials in the ...

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...ck parameter of the comb filter is set to unity gain the filter preserves the energy and we get an integrating comb filter. A similar technique has been used in the context of integrating FIR filters =-=[13,14]-=-. Using one, two or three integrators the impulse response is made of step, line and quadratic segments respectively. Figure 6 shows an example second-order integrating filter structure. Two integrato...