Biological responses to electromagnetic fields

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Biological responses to electromagnetic fields (1998)

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by Adam Lacy-hulbert , James C. Metcalfe , Robin Hesketh

Venue:	FASEB Journal
Citations:	29 - 0 self

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468	A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis, - Fearon, Vogelstein - 1990 (Show Context) Citation Context ...more than five are involved; in all but a small proportion of cases (õ1%), these mutations are acquired somatically. Malignant colorectal carcinomas have been particularly informative in this respect =-=(32)-=-. The majority of these cancers develop from benign adenomas in a process in which DNA hypomethylation occurs together with the acquisition of mutations in KRAS2, APC, MCC, DCC, and P53. The mutation ...
206	ras genes. - Barbacid - 1987 (Show Context) Citation Context ...hemical initiation of tumors in animals is the mouse skin carcinoma model (33). The application of a low dose of a carcinogen to mouse skin can cause mutations in oncogenes, most frequently in Hras-1 =-=(34)-=-, but causes carcinoma only if followed by multiple treatments with a tumor promoter. Tumor promoters are not themselves mutagens; alone they have no carcinogenic properties, but can stimulate cell pr...
64	Complexity of the early genetic response to growth factors in mouse fibroblasts. - Almendral, Sommer, et al. - 1988 (Show Context) Citation Context ...y of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), activation of glucose, and amino acid uptake and stimulation of glycolysis. In parallel with these events, the coordinated transcription of Ç100 genes is activated =-=(30, 31)-=-. The ‘immediate early response genes’ activated within approximately 1 h include ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), ETS1 and ETS2, the JUN family (JUN, JUNB, and JUND), and the FOS family (FOS, FRA1, FR...
61	Magnetic fields and cancer in children residing near Swedish high-voltage power lines. - Ahlborn, Feychting - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...r Leukemia Olsen et al., 1993 (9) Some evidence of 1707 Distance from EMF source RR All cancers increased risk of all Leukemia cancers CNS tumors Verksalo et al., 1993 (10) Feychting and Ahlbom, 1993 =-=(8)-=- Feychting and Ahlbom, 1994 (145) Coleman et al., 1989 (147) Severson et al., 1988 (147) Youngson et al., 1991 (148) Wertheimer and Leeper, 1982 (149) Linet et al., 1997 (14) Tynes, 1997 (150) Lymphom...
52	Case-control study of childhood cancer and exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields. - DA, Wachtel, et al. - 1988 (Show Context) Citation Context ...sidential EMF exposure and cancer a Reference Conclusion Number of cases EMF exposure assessment Measure of risk Cancer risk Risk estimate (95% CI) Wertheimer and Leeper, 1979 (6) Savitz et al., 1988 =-=(15)-=- Tomenius, 1986 (16) London, 1991 (17) Increased risk for all cancer, leukemia, and brain tumors Increased risk for all cancer, leukemia, and brain tumors Increased risk for all cancer Increased risk ...
39	Electrical wiring configurations and childhood - Wertheimer, Leeper - 1979 (Show Context) Citation Context ...eaths in which it was concluded that children from homes exposed to high levels of EMFs had a two- to threefold greater risk of developing leukemias or lymphomas than children exposed to lower levels =-=(6)-=-. Exposure was classified by using a ‘wiring configuration’ assessed from observations of electrical wiring and transformers in the vicinity of residences. Further surveys were conducted over the next...
39	Sensitivity of calcium binding in cerebral tissue to weak environmental electric fields oscillating at low frequency. - Bawin, Adey - 1976 (Show Context) Citation Context ...uitable for studies of EMF effects. Intracellular responses Calcium flux and intracellular free calcium ([Ca 2/ ]i) measurements Early studies used 45 Ca 2/ to measure fluxes, notably in brain tissue =-=(71, 72)-=-. The effects detected were small (generally 10% over control samples; maximal effects of 30%) and varied significantly between laboratories. For example, Blackman et al. (73) observe that ‘‘although ...
34	Cancer risks associated with occupational exposure to magnetic fields among electric utility workers in Ontario and - Thériault, Goldberg, et al. - 1970 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ge and more detailed recent surveys show broad agreement and indicate a marginally increased risk of brain cancer and/or leukemia. Of these, a joint France/Canada study of hydroelectric power workers =-=(21, 22)-=- revealed a significant increase in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic nonlymphocytic leukemia with greater than median EMF exposure (relative risk estimate for leukemia of 1.5 and for AML of 2....
33	Schulgen G: Residence near high voltage facilities and risk of cancer in children - JH, Nielsen - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...l., 1980 (143) No increased risk 119 Wiring configuration OR Leukemia 1.09 (0.7–1.6) Myers et al., 1989 (144) No increased risk 374 Distance from EMF sources OR All cancer Leukemia Olsen et al., 1993 =-=(9)-=- Some evidence of 1707 Distance from EMF source RR All cancers increased risk of all Leukemia cancers CNS tumors Verksalo et al., 1993 (10) Feychting and Ahlbom, 1993 (8) Feychting and Ahlbom, 1994 (1...
31	Possible effects of electric blankets and heated waterbeds on fetal development. Bioelectromagnetics 7(1): 13-22. doi:10.1002/bem.2250070103. PubMed: 3729998 - Wertheimer, Leeper - 1986 (Show Context) Citation Context ... — — Laser printer 2 0.5 — — Electric railway train Multiple unit, 25 kV a.c. overhead (measured adjacent to cable drop from roof) a 1 mT Å 10 mG. 200 (accelerating) 10–30 (cruising) opment disorders =-=(4)-=-. Background 50 Hz magnetic fields in typical homes are between 0.01 and 1 mT, with appliances generating fields of 0.1–100 mT (Table 1; 2, 3). Electric fields arise wherever there is a voltage, regar...
28	Electromagnetic field effects on cells of the immune system: the role of calcium signaling. - Walleczek - 1992 (Show Context) Citation Context ...% of peripheral blood lymphocytes did so. An independent group has been unable to repeat these [Ca 2/ ]i observations, although the data have been published only as an abstract (83). Walleczek et al. =-=(86, 87)-=- report that only 50% of Jurkat cells showed stable [Ca 2/ ]i levels before exposure; of those ‘stable’ cells, 14% showed deviations from basal [Ca2/]i during EMF exposure, and a similar proportion sh...
26	Carcinogen-induced mutations in the mouse c-Ha-ras gene provide evidence for multiple pathways in tumor progression. Proc. Natl Acad - Brown, Buchmann, et al. - 1990 (Show Context) Citation Context ...bsequent tumor progression may be mediated by either genetic or epigenetic mechanisms. The classical system for studying the chemical initiation of tumors in animals is the mouse skin carcinoma model =-=(33)-=-. The application of a low dose of a carcinogen to mouse skin can cause mutations in oncogenes, most frequently in Hras-1 (34), but causes carcinoma only if followed by multiple treatments with a tumo...
21	Residential exposure to magnetic fields and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. - Linet, Hatch, et al. - 1997 (Show Context) Citation Context ...Feychting and Ahlbom, 1993 (8) Feychting and Ahlbom, 1994 (145) Coleman et al., 1989 (147) Severson et al., 1988 (147) Youngson et al., 1991 (148) Wertheimer and Leeper, 1982 (149) Linet et al., 1997 =-=(14)-=- Tynes, 1997 (150) Lymphoma No increased risk 140 Distance from EMF sources SIR All cancers CNS tumors Leukemia Other cancers Some evidence of increased risk of childhood leukemia, but not other child...
21	Exposure to low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields increases interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Exp Cell Res - Cossarizza, Angioni, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ion Stimulated lymphocytes Stimulated lymphocytes Stimulated lymphocytes Fibroblast and mutant cell cultures Tamoxifen/ melatonintreated breast cancer cells 2.5 mT, 50 Hz sawtooth, Increase Thymidine =-=(61)-=- 6h incorporation 5 mT, 50 Hz sinusoidal S-phase entry (43) 4.5 mT, 3 Hz sawtooth 6 mT, 3 Hz square wave 0.1 mT, 60 Hz, 1 h/day, 18 days Decreased Decreased Twofold increase Cell number (157) Focus fo...
20	Chromosomal aberrations in human amniotic cells after intermittent exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields. - Nordenson, Mild, et al. - 1994 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ments in the absence of a static field showed percentage increases comparable to or exceeding those detected when the 42 mT d.c. field was applied, these data appear to be equivocal. Nordenson et al. =-=(45)-=- reported increases in chromosome defects (gap and break frequencies) in human amniotic cells exposed to a continuous or intermittent 30 mT sinusoidal field at 50 Hz, but attempts to reproduce this wo...
19	Leukemia following occupational exposure to 60-Hz electric and magnetic elds among Ontario electric utility workers - Miller, To, et al. - 1996 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ectric power workers in Ontario revealed a significant increase in leukemia with high exposure to electric and magnetic fields, with a dose response for exposure to electric, but not magnetic, fields =-=(24)-=-. An American study of five major utilities (25) showed a slight increase in brain cancer mortality with cumulative exposure (relative risk factor of 1.94 per mT year of exposure in the 2–10 years bef...
18	Effects of ELF fields on calcium-ion efflux from brain tissue - Blackman, F, et al. - 1982 (Show Context) Citation Context ...uitable for studies of EMF effects. Intracellular responses Calcium flux and intracellular free calcium ([Ca 2/ ]i) measurements Early studies used 45 Ca 2/ to measure fluxes, notably in brain tissue =-=(71, 72)-=-. The effects detected were small (generally 10% over control samples; maximal effects of 30%) and varied significantly between laboratories. For example, Blackman et al. (73) observe that ‘‘although ...
18	Exposure of human cells to low-frequency electromagnetic fields results in quantitative changes in transcripts". Biochim Biophys Acta 1009(3 - Goodman, Wei, et al. - 1989 (Show Context) Citation Context ...of five different EMF signals, including 1.1 and 1.5 mT sinusoidal magnetic fields at 60 and 72 Hz, respectively, and three pulsed fields of the form used clinically to treat non-union bone fractures =-=(97)-=-. Exposure for 20 min to a 45 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field with an rms value of 0.8 mT increased MYC and histone H2B mRNA levels by sevenfold; a 5.7 mT, 60 Hz field caused a fourfold increase in mRNA ...
17	Exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukemia - London, Thomas, et al. - 1991 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ference Conclusion Number of cases EMF exposure assessment Measure of risk Cancer risk Risk estimate (95% CI) Wertheimer and Leeper, 1979 (6) Savitz et al., 1988 (15) Tomenius, 1986 (16) London, 1991 =-=(17)-=- Increased risk for all cancer, leukemia, and brain tumors Increased risk for all cancer, leukemia, and brain tumors Increased risk for all cancer Increased risk for leukemia 344 Wiring configuration ...
15	Los Angeles study of residential magnetic fields and childhood brain tumors - Preston-Martin, Navidi, et al. - 1996 (Show Context) Citation Context ...indicate the difficulties of acquiring convincing epidemiological data in this field. The lack of evidence for an association between brain tumors and EMF exposure is confirmed by some recent studies =-=(12, 13)-=-. The National Cancer Institute Study The most comprehensive study to date of residential exposure to EMFs and childhood ALL involved 629 children with leukemia, 619 controls, and the direct measureme...
13	The effects of low-energy 60 Hz environmental electromagnetic fields upon the growth-related enzyme ornithine decarboxylase - Byus, Pieper, et al. - 1987 (Show Context) Citation Context ...4) (87) Brain tissue Small 45 2/ Ca uptake (73) changes Cultured cells No effect No effect Ca2/ transport Cytosolic Ca2/ (75) (76) ODC activity Human lymphoma 1 V/m, 60 Hz, 1 h Increased ODC activity =-=(89)-=- cells RNA synthesis 3.5 mT, 2 h Increased Uridine incorporation (159) Gene expression Dipteran salivary 1 mT, 60, 72 Hz Increased Uridine incorporation (160) glands sinusoidal and pulsed signals T-ly...
12	Effect of coherence time of the applied magnetic field on ornithine decarboxylase activity - TA, Krause, et al. - 1991 (Show Context) Citation Context ...., 1995 (106) Failure HL60 cells Saffer and Thurston, 1995 (108) ODC activity in mouse L929 cells Azadniv et al., 1995 (92) Failure Goodman and ShirleyHenderson, 1991 (98) Litovitz et al., 1991, 1994 =-=(90, 91)-=- Smith et al., 1987 (74) Diatom motility Parkinson and Sulik, 1992 (140) Prasad et al., 1994 (161) Saalman et al., 1991 (47) Davies et al., 1993, 1994 (162, 163) Reese et al., 1991 (164) Failure Failu...
10	Beneficial effects of electromagnetic fields,” - Bassett - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...similarly implicated. It is generally accepted that EMFs can exert biological effects; they have been widely used in clinical practice to promote processes such as neural regeneration and bone repair =-=(1)-=-. However, these treatments generally use magnetic field strengths that exceed those encountered in residential and commercial environments, commonly being highfrequency fields of 1 to 100 mT with a p...
10	The effect of low level 60-Hz electromagnetic fields on human lym( )J.L. Phillips et al.rBioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 45 1998 103–110110 phoid cells: II. Sister-chromatid exchanges in peripheral lympho .cytes and lymphoblastoid cell lines, Mutat. - Cohen, Kunska, et al. - 1986
10	Effects of 50-Hz electromagnetic fields on proliferation and on chromosomal altertions in human peripheral lymphocytes uncreated or pretreated with chemical mutagens - Rosenthal, Obe - 1989 (Show Context) Citation Context ...d lymphocytes Fibroblast and mutant cell cultures Tamoxifen/ melatonintreated breast cancer cells 2.5 mT, 50 Hz sawtooth, Increase Thymidine (61) 6h incorporation 5 mT, 50 Hz sinusoidal S-phase entry =-=(43)-=- 4.5 mT, 3 Hz sawtooth 6 mT, 3 Hz square wave 0.1 mT, 60 Hz, 1 h/day, 18 days Decreased Decreased Twofold increase Cell number (157) Focus formation (66) 1.2 mT, 60 Hz Increased Cell number (69, 158) ...
10	Calcium cyclotron resonance and diatom mobility, - Smith, McLeod, et al. - 1987 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ells Saffer and Thurston, 1995 (108) ODC activity in mouse L929 cells Azadniv et al., 1995 (92) Failure Goodman and ShirleyHenderson, 1991 (98) Litovitz et al., 1991, 1994 (90, 91) Smith et al., 1987 =-=(74)-=- Diatom motility Parkinson and Sulik, 1992 (140) Prasad et al., 1994 (161) Saalman et al., 1991 (47) Davies et al., 1993, 1994 (162, 163) Reese et al., 1991 (164) Failure Failure Failure Partial Parti...
10	Nonthermal 60 Hz sinusoidal magnetic-field exposure enhances 45Ca2+ uptake in rat thymocytes: dependence on nitrogen activation. - Walleczek, Liburdy - 1990 (Show Context) Citation Context ...Ca uptake (62) lymphocytes 6 mT, 3 Hz square wave Lymphocytes 6.5 mT, 60 Hz, 1 h 6.5 mT, 3 Hz square wave, 1 h 2 mT, 60 Hz, 2 min Increased Inhibited Increased Con-A induced 45Ca2/ uptake Mn2/ influx =-=(84)-=- (87) Brain tissue Small 45 2/ Ca uptake (73) changes Cultured cells No effect No effect Ca2/ transport Cytosolic Ca2/ (75) (76) ODC activity Human lymphoma 1 V/m, 60 Hz, 1 h Increased ODC activity (8...
10	Magnetic field-induced changes in specific gene transcription - JL, Haggren, et al. - 1992 (Show Context) Citation Context ... Gene expression Dipteran salivary 1 mT, 60, 72 Hz Increased Uridine incorporation (160) glands sinusoidal and pulsed signals T-lymphoid cells 100 mT, 60 Hz, 15–20 Increased and Nuclear run-on assays =-=(95)-=- min decreased SRC family Lymphoid cells 100 mT, 60 Hz, 2 min Stimulated LYN and SYK kinase (117) kinases Neurite outgrowth NGF stimulated rat nerve cells Increase activity Length of cell processes (7...
9	The mutation rate and - Tomlinson, Novelli, et al. - 1996 (Show Context) Citation Context ...hat can regress spontaneously (e.g., in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) and the occurrence of long-lag phases of growth that persist until mutations arise that eventually cause exponential growth =-=(29)-=-. Control of proliferation The growth of cells can be controlled by the interaction of growth factors with their receptors on the plasma membrane. Such interactions may, for example, cause quiescent, ...
9	Experimental evidence for 60 Hz magnetic fields operating through the signal transduction cascade - effects on calcium influx and c-MYC mRNA induction - Liburdy, Callahan, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ... magnitude of both the applied magnetic field and the induced electric field, and resulted from increased calcium influx through plasma membrane channels rather than release from intracellular stores =-=(85)-=-. The response also depended on the sensitivity of each primary cell culture to the mitogen. Hence, 60 min exposure to 60 Hz sinusoidal fields of 6.5 mT enhanced the response of cells to Con A, increa...
9	Changes in levels of c-myc and histone H2B following exposure of cells to low-frequency sinusoidal electromagnetic fields: evidence for a window effect. Bioelectromagnetics - LX, Goodman, et al. - 1990 (Show Context) Citation Context ...els by sevenfold; a 5.7 mT, 60 Hz field caused a fourfold increase in mRNA levels, with transcription of b-actin, hsp 70, SRC, and a-tubulin being stimulated to the same extent as MYC and histone H2B =-=(98, 99)-=-. At other field strengths (0.57, 57, and 570 mT), mRNA levels were increased by two- to threefold. Other waveforms at frequencies of 15 to 150 Hz stimulated gene expression by approximately twofold, ...
8	Exposure to 50-Hz electric field and incidence of leukemia, brain tumors, and other cancers among French electric utility workers - Guenel, Nicolau, et al. (Show Context) Citation Context ...rkers showed an increased risk of brain cancers for those exposed to the highest 10% of electric fields (OR 3.08 with 95% confidence interval of 1.08–8.74), but no corresponding increase for leukemia =-=(23)-=-. Further studies of hydroelectric power workers in Ontario revealed a significant increase in leukemia with high exposure to electric and magnetic fields, with a dose response for exposure to electri...
8	Intracellular calcium oscillations induced in a T-cell line by a weak 50 Hz magnetic field - Lindström, Lindström, et al. (Show Context) Citation Context ... 0012TABLE 3. (continued) IV In vitro cellular studies Experimental system Field exposure conditions Result Assay Ref Ca2/ signaling Jurkat cells 0.1 mT, 50 mV/m, 50 Hz, Increased Ca 2/ oscillations =-=(81, 82)-=- 15–20 s Increased IP3 concentration 45 2/ Stimulated 4.5 mT, 3 Hz sawtooth Decreased Ca uptake (62) lymphocytes 6 mT, 3 Hz square wave Lymphocytes 6.5 mT, 60 Hz, 1 h 6.5 mT, 3 Hz square wave, 1 h 2 m...
8	Transcription and translation in cells exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. Bioelectrochem Bioenergetics - Goodman, Shirley-Henderson - 1991 (Show Context) Citation Context ...anscription in Lacy-Hulbert et al., 1995 (106) Failure HL60 cells Saffer and Thurston, 1995 (108) ODC activity in mouse L929 cells Azadniv et al., 1995 (92) Failure Goodman and ShirleyHenderson, 1991 =-=(98)-=- Litovitz et al., 1991, 1994 (90, 91) Smith et al., 1987 (74) Diatom motility Parkinson and Sulik, 1992 (140) Prasad et al., 1994 (161) Saalman et al., 1991 (47) Davies et al., 1993, 1994 (162, 163) R...
7	The phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced oxidative burst in rat peritoneal neutrophils is increased by a 0.1 mT (60 Hz) magnetic field. FEBS Lett - Roy, Noda, et al. (Show Context) Citation Context ...ease in activity Spectroscopic detection of reaction products (53) 0–10 T Altered recombination Fluorescence detection of (49) of radicals radicals 0.1 mT, 60 Hz Increase in Fluorescence detection of =-=(54)-=- superoxide superoxide products production 1–100 mT static fields or 1.6 mT, No effect Measurement of nitrite (55) 1 Hz fields III EMFs as tumor promoters Experimental system Field exposure conditions...
7	Temporally incoherent magnetic fields mitigate the response of biological systems to temporally coherent magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 15, 399–410. doi: 10.1002/bem.2250150504 - Litovitz, Krause, et al. - 1994 (Show Context) Citation Context ...., 1995 (106) Failure HL60 cells Saffer and Thurston, 1995 (108) ODC activity in mouse L929 cells Azadniv et al., 1995 (92) Failure Goodman and ShirleyHenderson, 1991 (98) Litovitz et al., 1991, 1994 =-=(90, 91)-=- Smith et al., 1987 (74) Diatom motility Parkinson and Sulik, 1992 (140) Prasad et al., 1994 (161) Saalman et al., 1991 (47) Davies et al., 1993, 1994 (162, 163) Reese et al., 1991 (164) Failure Failu...
7	Delineation of electric and magnetic field effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation on transcription, - Greene, Skowronski, et al. - 1991 (Show Context) Citation Context ...B 0012TABLE 4. Attempts to directly reproduce ELF-EMF biological effects a Original work Experimental system Replication studies Result of replication Nordenson et al., 1994 (45) Greene et al., 1991 =-=(93)-=- Chromosome defects in human amniotic cells Galt et al., 1995 (46) Failure [ 3H]uridine incorporation into Azadniv and Miller, 1992 (94) Failure HL60 cells MYC and b-actin transcription in Lacy-Hulber...
6	Occupational exposure to magnetic fields in relation to mortality from brain cancer among electricity generation and transmission workers. - HARRINGTON, MCBRIDE, et al. - 1997 (Show Context) Citation Context ...oward recording occupations in electrical industries. Conversely, a cohort study of British electricity workers showed no significant increased risk of mortality with exposure to high magnetic fields =-=(27)-=-. Analysis of these studies It is clear that the epidemiological studies discussed above do not provide a clear answer to the question of whether EMF exposure influences the development of cancer. Thi...
6	Evidence for direct effect of magnetic fields on neurite outgrowth, - Blackman, Benane, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...5) min decreased SRC family Lymphoid cells 100 mT, 60 Hz, 2 min Stimulated LYN and SYK kinase (117) kinases Neurite outgrowth NGF stimulated rat nerve cells Increase activity Length of cell processes =-=(70)-=- V Cell-free systems Experimental system Field exposure conditions Result Assay Ref Calcium–protein interactions Membrane channel conductance Fluorescent calmodulin binding Black lipid membranes GRI-G...
5	60 Hz magnetic field acts as co-promoter in focus formation of C3H/lOTl/2 cells - Cain, Thomas, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...rporation 5 mT, 50 Hz sinusoidal S-phase entry (43) 4.5 mT, 3 Hz sawtooth 6 mT, 3 Hz square wave 0.1 mT, 60 Hz, 1 h/day, 18 days Decreased Decreased Twofold increase Cell number (157) Focus formation =-=(66)-=- 1.2 mT, 60 Hz Increased Cell number (69, 158) continued on next page 404 Vol. 12 April 1998 The FASEB Journal LACY-HULBERT ET AL. / 3824 0012 Mp 404 Tuesday Mar 03 08:25 AM LP–FASEB 0012TABLE 3. (co...
5	Stimulation of Ca2+ influx in rat pituitary cells under exposure to a 50 Hz magnetic field. - Barbier, Dufy, et al. - 1996 (Show Context) Citation Context ...after 2 min exposure to 60 Hz, 2 mT EMFs. Again, the effect was critically dependent on the biological state of the cells, characterized by the initial (preexposure) Ca 2/ influx rate. Barbier et al. =-=(88)-=- have reported sustained increases in [Ca 2/ ]i in rat pituitary cells at either 25�C or 37�C after exposure to 50 Hz sinusoidal fields of 50 mT (30 min or 3 h). [Ca 2/ ]i rose from Ç180 nM (range 80 ...
5	Exposure to electric and magnetic (EM) fields increases transcripts in HL-60 cells: does adaptation to EM fields occur? - Goodman, Wei, et al. - 1992 (Show Context) Citation Context ... both signal parameters were changed between experiments. Increased transcription was detected after a 4-min field exposure, being maximal at 20 min and returning to control levels after 4 h exposure =-=(100)-=-. Closely similar patterns of gene expression stimulated by EMFs in six different types of eukaryotic cells have also been reported by Goodman and Henderson [õ1 h exposure, 60 Hz, 5.7 mT–57 mT (98, 10...
4	Lymphocytes and low-frequency electromagnetic fields - Cadossi, Bersani, et al. - 1992 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ooney et al. (64)]. Interchange of exposure apparatus between laboratories suggests that the effect (inhibition or stimulation of proliferation) is dependent on the exposure apparatus and signal used =-=(38)-=-. These results are therefore suggestive of small comitogenic effects of EMF on stimulated primary cell cultures, strengthening the case for EMFs as tumor promoters, even though there are major discre...
4	Magnetic field effects on B12 Ethanolamine ammonia lyase: Evidence for a effect of radical mechanism., Science 263 - Grissom, Harkins - 1994 (Show Context) Citation Context ...exclusion principle, resulting in a longer radical lifetime. The consequence of this may be, for example, increased enzyme product or release of radicals from the enzyme (Fig. 4). Harkins and Grissom =-=(53)-=- have demonstrated the effects of magnetic fields on the enzyme B12 ethanolamine ammonia lyase. Fields of greater than 50 mT caused a decrease in the ratio Vmax/Km of the enzyme that was maximal (20% ...
4	Effect of electromagnetic fields on two calcium dependent biological systems. - Conti, GE, et al. - 1985 (Show Context) Citation Context ...sult Assay Ref Ca2/ signaling Jurkat cells 0.1 mT, 50 mV/m, 50 Hz, Increased Ca 2/ oscillations (81, 82) 15–20 s Increased IP3 concentration 45 2/ Stimulated 4.5 mT, 3 Hz sawtooth Decreased Ca uptake =-=(62)-=- lymphocytes 6 mT, 3 Hz square wave Lymphocytes 6.5 mT, 60 Hz, 1 h 6.5 mT, 3 Hz square wave, 1 h 2 mT, 60 Hz, 2 min Increased Inhibited Increased Con-A induced 45Ca2/ uptake Mn2/ influx (84) (87) Brai...
4	A role of the magnetic field in the radiation induced efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro - Blackman, Benane, et al. - 1985 (Show Context) Citation Context ...wave Lymphocytes 6.5 mT, 60 Hz, 1 h 6.5 mT, 3 Hz square wave, 1 h 2 mT, 60 Hz, 2 min Increased Inhibited Increased Con-A induced 45Ca2/ uptake Mn2/ influx (84) (87) Brain tissue Small 45 2/ Ca uptake =-=(73)-=- changes Cultured cells No effect No effect Ca2/ transport Cytosolic Ca2/ (75) (76) ODC activity Human lymphoma 1 V/m, 60 Hz, 1 h Increased ODC activity (89) cells RNA synthesis 3.5 mT, 2 h Increased ...
4	A test of the hypothesis that a 60 Hz magnetic field affects ornithine decarboxylase activity - Azadniv, Klinge, et al. - 1995 (Show Context) Citation Context ... 1992 (94) Failure HL60 cells MYC and b-actin transcription in Lacy-Hulbert et al., 1995 (106) Failure HL60 cells Saffer and Thurston, 1995 (108) ODC activity in mouse L929 cells Azadniv et al., 1995 =-=(92)-=- Failure Goodman and ShirleyHenderson, 1991 (98) Litovitz et al., 1991, 1994 (90, 91) Smith et al., 1987 (74) Diatom motility Parkinson and Sulik, 1992 (140) Prasad et al., 1994 (161) Saalman et al., ...
4	Exposure of simian virus-40-transformed human cells to magnetic fields results in increased levels of T-antigen mRNA and protein - Gold, Goodman, et al. - 1994 (Show Context) Citation Context ...erson [õ1 h exposure, 60 Hz, 5.7 mT–57 mT (98, 101– 104), 1.1 mT (97, 105)]. The responses included activated gene expression in yeast (104), mouse myeloma cells (103), and three types of human cells =-=(98, 102, 103)-=-, as well as changes in protein synthesis in Sciara (101, 105), with no reports of cell types that were insensitive to ELF-EMFs. Several conclusions were drawn by Goodman and Henderson on the basis of...
3	Epidemiological appraisal of studies of residential exposure to power frequency magnetic fields and adult cancers. Occup Environ Med 53 - CY, Thériault, et al. - 1996 (Show Context) Citation Context ...urveys summarized above (Table 2). None have provided convincing evidence that exposure to above-ambient levels of EMFs in the home influences the development of leukemias, lymphomas, or solid tumors =-=(18)-=-. However, several studies have considered whether employment in occupations with high EMF exposure may be associated with an elevated incidence of brain cancers and leukemias. As with the many reside...
3	Evidence for genotoxic effects of resonant ELF magnetic fields - Tofani, Ferrara, et al. - 1995 (Show Context) Citation Context ... formation when exposed to 75 or 150 mT fields at 32 Hz, but only when a parallel 42 mT d.c. field was applied concurrently to establish the cyclotron and paramagnetic resonance condition for calcium =-=(44)-=-. The statistical analysis applied led to the conclusion that there was no increase in micronuclei formation in the absence of a d.c. field or at 50 Hz. However, as several of the individual experimen...
3	Effects of different low-frequency electromagnetic fields on lymphocyte activation: at which cellular level - Petrini, Polidori, et al. - 1990
3	Ca2+ ion transport through patch-clamped cells exposed to magnetic fields - Hojevic, Sandblom, et al. (Show Context) Citation Context ... 2 min Increased Inhibited Increased Con-A induced 45Ca2/ uptake Mn2/ influx (84) (87) Brain tissue Small 45 2/ Ca uptake (73) changes Cultured cells No effect No effect Ca2/ transport Cytosolic Ca2/ =-=(75)-=- (76) ODC activity Human lymphoma 1 V/m, 60 Hz, 1 h Increased ODC activity (89) cells RNA synthesis 3.5 mT, 2 h Increased Uridine incorporation (159) Gene expression Dipteran salivary 1 mT, 60, 72 Hz ...
3	Search for cyclotron resonance in cells in vitro - Parkinson, Hanks - 1989 (Show Context) Citation Context ...n Increased Inhibited Increased Con-A induced 45Ca2/ uptake Mn2/ influx (84) (87) Brain tissue Small 45 2/ Ca uptake (73) changes Cultured cells No effect No effect Ca2/ transport Cytosolic Ca2/ (75) =-=(76)-=- ODC activity Human lymphoma 1 V/m, 60 Hz, 1 h Increased ODC activity (89) cells RNA synthesis 3.5 mT, 2 h Increased Uridine incorporation (159) Gene expression Dipteran salivary 1 mT, 60, 72 Hz Incre...
3	Nifedipine is an antagonist to cyclotron resonance enhancement of 45Ca2+ incorporation in human lymphocytes - Rozek, Sherman, et al. - 1987 (Show Context) Citation Context ...tial Failure Failure Failure Shuvalova et al., 1991 (128) Markov et al., 1993 (129) Calmodulin dependent myosin phosphorylation Hendee et al., 1996 (127) Coulton et al., 1997 (130) Rozek et al., 1987 =-=(77)-=- 45 2/ Ca uptake by human Prasad et al., 1991 (79) Liboff et al., 1987 (78) lymphocytes Coulton and Barker, 1993 (80) Lindstrom et al., 1993 (81) Ca2/ oscillations in Jurkat T cells Walleczek et al., ...
3	Ca 2+ -45 cyclotron resonance in human lymphocytes - Liboff, Fozek, et al. - 1987 (Show Context) Citation Context ...93 (129) Calmodulin dependent myosin phosphorylation Hendee et al., 1996 (127) Coulton et al., 1997 (130) Rozek et al., 1987 (77) 45 2/ Ca uptake by human Prasad et al., 1991 (79) Liboff et al., 1987 =-=(78)-=- lymphocytes Coulton and Barker, 1993 (80) Lindstrom et al., 1993 (81) Ca2/ oscillations in Jurkat T cells Walleczek et al., 1994 (83) Failure a Replication studies are confined to those specifically ...
2	Are stray 60 Hz electromagnetic fields associated with the distribution and use of electric power a significant cause of cancer - Jackson - 1992 (Show Context) Citation Context ...equence of technological developments in the second half of the 20th century. Since 1940, U.S. per capita power generation has increased by a factor of 10 and per capita consumption by a factor of 20 =-=(5)-=-. Therefore, there has also been a dramatic increase in the exposure of the general population to EMFs over that period of time. Although the increase in exposure is less than that for per capita gene...
2	Enhanced deposition of radon daughter nuclei in the vicinity of power frequency electromagnetic - Henshaw, Ross, et al. - 1996 (Show Context) Citation Context ...extended to include the possibility that aerosol particles containing radon daughter nuclei ( 218 Po and 214 Po) undergo enhanced deposition in the lungs under the influence of strong electric fields =-=(7)-=-. The Nordic studies Three recent reports, often collectively referred to as the Nordic studies (8–10; Table 2), are carefully executed surveys that represent considerable advances over previous repor...
2	Complexity of the primary response to mitogenic activation of human T cells - Zipfel, Irving, et al. - 1989 (Show Context) Citation Context ...y of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), activation of glucose, and amino acid uptake and stimulation of glycolysis. In parallel with these events, the coordinated transcription of Ç100 genes is activated =-=(30, 31)-=-. The ‘immediate early response genes’ activated within approximately 1 h include ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), ETS1 and ETS2, the JUN family (JUN, JUNB, and JUND), and the FOS family (FOS, FRA1, FR...
2	Viabilities and mutation frequencies of CHO-K1 cells following exposure to 60 Hz electric - Frazier, Samuel, et al. - 1987
2	Reproductive integrity of mammalian cells exposed to power frequency electromagnetic fields. Environ- Mol. Muta en - Livingstone, witt, et al. - 1991
2	Time-resolved and modulation methods in the study of the effects of magnetic-fields on the yields of free-radical reactions - Batchelor, Kay, et al. - 1993
2	No effect of exposure to static and sinusoidal magnetic fields on nitric oxide production by macrophages - MNAIMNEH, BIZRI, et al. - 1996 (Show Context) Citation Context ...tion of (49) of radicals radicals 0.1 mT, 60 Hz Increase in Fluorescence detection of (54) superoxide superoxide products production 1–100 mT static fields or 1.6 mT, No effect Measurement of nitrite =-=(55)-=- 1 Hz fields III EMFs as tumor promoters Experimental system Field exposure conditions Result Assay Ref Skin tumor promotion Mammary tumor promotion DMBA-treated mice 50 or 500 mT, 50Hz, intermittent ...
2	Intermittent 50 Hz magnetic field and skin tumor promotion in SENCAR mice - Rannug, Holmberg, et al. - 1994
2	Effect of extremely-low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields on the mitogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells - Mooney, Smith, et al. - 1986 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ratories (62–65) have reported inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by EMF exposure [3 Hz square wave signal of 6 mT peak field, Conti et al. (62, 63); 3 Hz sawtooth signal of 4.5 mT, Mooney et al. =-=(64)-=-]. Interchange of exposure apparatus between laboratories suggests that the effect (inhibition or stimulation of proliferation) is dependent on the exposure apparatus and signal used (38). These resul...
2	Exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields has no effect on growth rate or clonogenic potential of multipotential haemopoietic progenitor cells. Growth Factors 13 - Reipert, Allan, et al. - 1996 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ls were exposed to 6 mT 50Hz sinusoidal fields for 20 min to determine whether there were any additive or synergistic responses. No significant effects on Fos, Jun, orJunB transcription were detected =-=(67)-=-. MYC The most extensive series of investigations of EMF effects on gene expression in human cells has been the joint studies of Goodman and Henderson (97– 105). They have reported increases in MYC, b...
2	Apoptosis in haemopoietic progenitor cells exposed to extremely lowfrequency fields. Life Sci., - Reipert, Allan, et al. - 1997
2	Magnetic fields and intracellular calcium: effects on lymphocytes exposed to conditions for “cyclotron resonance”. Phys Med Biol 38 - Coulton, Barker - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...horylation Hendee et al., 1996 (127) Coulton et al., 1997 (130) Rozek et al., 1987 (77) 45 2/ Ca uptake by human Prasad et al., 1991 (79) Liboff et al., 1987 (78) lymphocytes Coulton and Barker, 1993 =-=(80)-=- Lindstrom et al., 1993 (81) Ca2/ oscillations in Jurkat T cells Walleczek et al., 1994 (83) Failure a Replication studies are confined to those specifically designed to reproduce a previously reporte...
1	Power frequency fields and - Swanson, Renew - 1994 (Show Context) Citation Context ...present in most domestic and commercial environments. Background electric fields in homes are generally 1–10 Vm 01 , rising to 20–200 Vm 01 near small appliances such as electric razors or hairdryers =-=(2, 3)-=-. In immediate proximity to electric blankets or heated water beds, these fields can be as high as several kVm 01 and have been implicated in pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion or in...
1	Exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields in the home - Merchant, Renew, et al. - 1994 (Show Context) Citation Context ...present in most domestic and commercial environments. Background electric fields in homes are generally 1–10 Vm 01 , rising to 20–200 Vm 01 near small appliances such as electric razors or hairdryers =-=(2, 3)-=-. In immediate proximity to electric blankets or heated water beds, these fields can be as high as several kVm 01 and have been implicated in pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion or in...
1	Risk of cancer in Finnish children living close to power lines - Verksalo, Pukala, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ce from EMF sources OR All cancer Leukemia Olsen et al., 1993 (9) Some evidence of 1707 Distance from EMF source RR All cancers increased risk of all Leukemia cancers CNS tumors Verksalo et al., 1993 =-=(10)-=- Feychting and Ahlbom, 1993 (8) Feychting and Ahlbom, 1994 (145) Coleman et al., 1989 (147) Severson et al., 1988 (147) Youngson et al., 1991 (148) Wertheimer and Leeper, 1982 (149) Linet et al., 1997...
1	Electromagnetic-fields and childhood-cancer - Ahlbom, Feychting, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...taken together, the studies ‘‘support the hypothesis that exposure to magnetic fields of the type generated by transmission lines has some etiolgical role in the development of leukemia in children’’ =-=(11)-=-. Therefore, these recent studies together provide evidence for an association between childhood cancers and exposure to EMFs. However, the inconsistencies within individual studies and between the br...
1	Childhood brain tumour occurrence in relation to residential power line configurations, electric heating sources and electric appliance use - Gurney, Mueller, et al. - 1996 (Show Context) Citation Context ...indicate the difficulties of acquiring convincing epidemiological data in this field. The lack of evidence for an association between brain tumors and EMF exposure is confirmed by some recent studies =-=(12, 13)-=-. The National Cancer Institute Study The most comprehensive study to date of residential exposure to EMFs and childhood ALL involved 629 children with leukemia, 619 controls, and the direct measureme...
1	50-Hz electromagentic environment and the incidence of childhood tumours in Stockholm county - Tomenius - 1986 (Show Context) Citation Context ...re and cancer a Reference Conclusion Number of cases EMF exposure assessment Measure of risk Cancer risk Risk estimate (95% CI) Wertheimer and Leeper, 1979 (6) Savitz et al., 1988 (15) Tomenius, 1986 =-=(16)-=- London, 1991 (17) Increased risk for all cancer, leukemia, and brain tumors Increased risk for all cancer, leukemia, and brain tumors Increased risk for all cancer Increased risk for leukemia 344 Wir...
1	Cancer risks associated with cccupational exposure to magnetic-fields among electric utility workers in Ontario and - Theriault, Goldberg, et al. - 1994 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ge and more detailed recent surveys show broad agreement and indicate a marginally increased risk of brain cancer and/or leukemia. Of these, a joint France/Canada study of hydroelectric power workers =-=(21, 22)-=- revealed a significant increase in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic nonlymphocytic leukemia with greater than median EMF exposure (relative risk estimate for leukemia of 1.5 and for AML of 2....
1	Magnetic-field exposure in relation to leukemia and brain cancer mortality among electric utility workers - Savitz, Loomis - 1995 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ficant increase in leukemia with high exposure to electric and magnetic fields, with a dose response for exposure to electric, but not magnetic, fields (24). An American study of five major utilities =-=(25)-=- showed a slight increase in brain cancer mortality with cumulative exposure (relative risk factor of 1.94 per mT year of exposure in the 2–10 years before diagnosis), but no increase for leukemia. A ...
1	Occupational exposure to electromagnetic-fields in relation to leukemia and brain-tumors—a casecontrol study - Floderus, Persson, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...t increase in brain cancer mortality with cumulative exposure (relative risk factor of 1.94 per mT year of exposure in the 2–10 years before diagnosis), but no increase for leukemia. A Swedish survey =-=(26)-=- estimated exposures of individuals with leukemia or brain cancer (posthumously for many of the cases); this, too, showed an increased risk for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a slight, but not stati...
1	Is there an EMF-cancer connection - Pool - 1990 (Show Context) Citation Context ...critical parameter of EMF will vary from case to case. This may provide an explanation for apparent anomalies in epidemiological data such as those in the studies by Feychting and Ahlbom (8) and Pool =-=(28)-=-, in which estimated risk varied with the exposure classification used. Thus, Feychting and Ahlbom (8) obtained an odds ratio of 1.7 for estimated magnetic fields of §0.2 mT and AML, but the risk esti...
1	Autocrine growth factor production, chromosomal deletions and oncogene activation in the pathogenesis of lung cancer - Minna - 1988 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ich causes phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate hydrolysis and an increase in the concentration of intracellular free calcium ([Ca 2/ ]i), characteristic responses of cells entering the cell cycle =-=(35)-=-. In this situation, the growth factor may act selectively to promote the proliferation of a clone of tumor cells. HOW MIGHT EMFS CAUSE CANCER? The concepts of initiation, promotion, and sequential ac...
1	DNA mutations and 50 Hz electromagnetic fields - Nafziger, Desjobert, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...mT magnetic fields at 0.3 Hz, 1– 10 mT sinusoidal magnetic fields at 50 Hz applied in 2 ms pulses or to a wide range of radio frequency and microwave fields showed no increase in mutational frequency =-=(36)-=-. Fields (0.2 mT) at 60 Hz have been reported to be comutagenic in Salmonella, causing a 14% increase in azide-induced mutations after 48 h exposure (37). Although EMF exposure increased the number of...
1	Enhanced mutgenic effect of a 60 Hz time-varying magnetic field on numbers of azide-induced TA100 revertant colonies - Tabrah, Mower, et al. - 1994 (Show Context) Citation Context ...lds showed no increase in mutational frequency (36). Fields (0.2 mT) at 60 Hz have been reported to be comutagenic in Salmonella, causing a 14% increase in azide-induced mutations after 48 h exposure =-=(37)-=-. Although EMF exposure increased the number of revertant colonies in every experiment described (a total of 15 experiments), the number of revertant colonies per ‘sector’ of Petri dish (separate regi...
1	Study of effects of 50Hz magnetic field on chromosome aberrations and the growth related enzyme ODC in human amniotic cells - Galt, Wahlström, et al. - 1995 (Show Context) Citation Context ...omosome defects (gap and break frequencies) in human amniotic cells exposed to a continuous or intermittent 30 mT sinusoidal field at 50 Hz, but attempts to reproduce this work have been unsuccessful =-=(46)-=-. The same field exposure conditions were used to investigate the fidelity of chromosome segregation in Chinese hamster cells and no effect of field exposure was seen (47). Hintenlang (48) reported th...
1	Lack of c-mitotic effects in V79 Chinese hamster cells exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields - Saalman, Önfelt, et al. - 1991 (Show Context) Citation Context ... work have been unsuccessful (46). The same field exposure conditions were used to investigate the fidelity of chromosome segregation in Chinese hamster cells and no effect of field exposure was seen =-=(47)-=-. Hintenlang (48) reported that exposure to ionizing radiation, followed by 60 Hz magnetic fields of up to 1.4 mT, enhanced the frequency of near-tetraploid chromosome complements in human peripheral ...
1	Synergistic effects of ionizing radiation and 60 Hz magnetic fields - Hintenlang - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...nsuccessful (46). The same field exposure conditions were used to investigate the fidelity of chromosome segregation in Chinese hamster cells and no effect of field exposure was seen (47). Hintenlang =-=(48)-=- reported that exposure to ionizing radiation, followed by 60 Hz magnetic fields of up to 1.4 mT, enhanced the frequency of near-tetraploid chromosome complements in human peripheral blood lymphocytes...
1	Reaction yield detected magnetic resonance and magnetic field effect studies of radical pairs containing electronically excited organic radicals - Batchelor, McLauchlan, et al. - 1992 (Show Context) Citation Context ...Macrophage NO production ú50 mT, maximal effects at 100 mT, static fields Decrease in activity Spectroscopic detection of reaction products (53) 0–10 T Altered recombination Fluorescence detection of =-=(49)-=- of radicals radicals 0.1 mT, 60 Hz Increase in Fluorescence detection of (54) superoxide superoxide products production 1–100 mT static fields or 1.6 mT, No effect Measurement of nitrite (55) 1 Hz fi...
1	Electron spin polarisation (CIDEP) and magnetic field effects (MFE) in systems involving sulfur-centered radicals - Batchelor, Kay, et al. - 1993
1	High resolution studies of the effects of magnetic fields on chemical reactions - Hamilton, Hewitt, et al. - 1988 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ic fields on the enzyme B12 ethanolamine ammonia lyase. Fields of greater than 50 mT caused a decrease in the ratio Vmax/Km of the enzyme that was maximal (20% reduction) at 100 mT. McLauchlan et al. =-=(51)-=- describe effects of magnetic fields on a variety of photochemical reactions: the reaction of pyrene with dicyanobenzene generates radical pairs that fluoresce when they recombine. If the reaction is ...
1	A study on skin tumour-formation in mice with 50 Hz magnetic field exposure - Rannug, Ekstrom, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...promoters Experimental system Field exposure conditions Result Assay Ref Skin tumor promotion Mammary tumor promotion DMBA-treated mice 50 or 500 mT, 50Hz, intermittent Small increase Tumor incidence =-=(56)-=- 20 h/day, 2 yrs DMBA/TPA-treated mice 2 mT, 60 Hz, 6 h/day, 23 wk Small increase Rate of tumor development (58, 59) DMBA-treated rats 30 mT, 50 Hz 30% increase Tumor incidence (60) IV In vitro cellul...
1	Cancer promotion in a mouse skin model by a 60 Hz magnetic field - McLean, Stuchly, et al. - 1991 (Show Context) Citation Context ...otion DMBA-treated mice 50 or 500 mT, 50Hz, intermittent Small increase Tumor incidence (56) 20 h/day, 2 yrs DMBA/TPA-treated mice 2 mT, 60 Hz, 6 h/day, 23 wk Small increase Rate of tumor development =-=(58, 59)-=- DMBA-treated rats 30 mT, 50 Hz 30% increase Tumor incidence (60) IV In vitro cellular studies Experimental system Field exposure conditions Result Assay Ref DNA synthesis Cell proliferation Stimulate...
1	Modification of tumour promoters in the mouse skin by exposure to an alternating magnetic field - Stuchly, McLean, et al. - 1992 (Show Context) Citation Context ...otion DMBA-treated mice 50 or 500 mT, 50Hz, intermittent Small increase Tumor incidence (56) 20 h/day, 2 yrs DMBA/TPA-treated mice 2 mT, 60 Hz, 6 h/day, 23 wk Small increase Rate of tumor development =-=(58, 59)-=- DMBA-treated rats 30 mT, 50 Hz 30% increase Tumor incidence (60) IV In vitro cellular studies Experimental system Field exposure conditions Result Assay Ref DNA synthesis Cell proliferation Stimulate...
1	Effects of magnetic fields on mammary tumour development induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in rats - Mevissen, Stamm, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...se Tumor incidence (56) 20 h/day, 2 yrs DMBA/TPA-treated mice 2 mT, 60 Hz, 6 h/day, 23 wk Small increase Rate of tumor development (58, 59) DMBA-treated rats 30 mT, 50 Hz 30% increase Tumor incidence =-=(60)-=- IV In vitro cellular studies Experimental system Field exposure conditions Result Assay Ref DNA synthesis Cell proliferation Stimulated lymphocytes Stimulated lymphocytes Stimulated lymphocytes Fibro...
1	A role for calcium in the effect of low frequency electromagnetic field on the blastogenesis of human lymphocytes - Conti, Gigante, et al. - 1985 (Show Context) Citation Context ...oot mean square, or rms) although other independent laboratories (62–65) have reported inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by EMF exposure [3 Hz square wave signal of 6 mT peak field, Conti et al. =-=(62, 63)-=-; 3 Hz sawtooth signal of 4.5 mT, Mooney et al. (64)]. Interchange of exposure apparatus between laboratories suggests that the effect (inhibition or stimulation of proliferation) is dependent on the ...
1	ELF inhibition of melatonin’s and tamoxifen’s action on MCF-7 cell proliferation. Annu. Rev. Res. Biol. Effects of Electric and Magnetic Fields from the Generation, Delivery and Use of Electricity - Harland, Liburdy - 1994 (Show Context) Citation Context ...entry (43) 4.5 mT, 3 Hz sawtooth 6 mT, 3 Hz square wave 0.1 mT, 60 Hz, 1 h/day, 18 days Decreased Decreased Twofold increase Cell number (157) Focus formation (66) 1.2 mT, 60 Hz Increased Cell number =-=(69, 158)-=- continued on next page 404 Vol. 12 April 1998 The FASEB Journal LACY-HULBERT ET AL. / 3824 0012 Mp 404 Tuesday Mar 03 08:25 AM LP–FASEB 0012TABLE 3. (continued) IV In vitro cellular studies Experime...
1	Failure to reproduce increased calcium uptake in human lymphocytes at purported cyclotron resonance exposure conditions. Radiat. Environ. Biophys - Prasad, Miller, et al. - 1991 (Show Context) Citation Context ...1 (128) Markov et al., 1993 (129) Calmodulin dependent myosin phosphorylation Hendee et al., 1996 (127) Coulton et al., 1997 (130) Rozek et al., 1987 (77) 45 2/ Ca uptake by human Prasad et al., 1991 =-=(79)-=- Liboff et al., 1987 (78) lymphocytes Coulton and Barker, 1993 (80) Lindstrom et al., 1993 (81) Ca2/ oscillations in Jurkat T cells Walleczek et al., 1994 (83) Failure a Replication studies are confin...
1	Low-frequency Mfs increased inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate levels in the Jurkat cell-line - Korzhsleptsova, Lindström, et al. - 1995 (Show Context) Citation Context ... 0012TABLE 3. (continued) IV In vitro cellular studies Experimental system Field exposure conditions Result Assay Ref Ca2/ signaling Jurkat cells 0.1 mT, 50 mV/m, 50 Hz, Increased Ca 2/ oscillations =-=(81, 82)-=- 15–20 s Increased IP3 concentration 45 2/ Stimulated 4.5 mT, 3 Hz sawtooth Decreased Ca uptake (62) lymphocytes 6 mT, 3 Hz square wave Lymphocytes 6.5 mT, 60 Hz, 1 h 6.5 mT, 3 Hz square wave, 1 h 2 m...
1	Single cell fluorescence imaging study of the intracellular calcium concentration in human jurkat T-cells under the influence of 50 Hz magentic fields, 16th Annual Meeting of Bioelectromagnetics Society, Copenhagen (abstr - Walleczek, Killoran, et al. - 1994 (Show Context) Citation Context .../ Ca uptake by human Prasad et al., 1991 (79) Liboff et al., 1987 (78) lymphocytes Coulton and Barker, 1993 (80) Lindstrom et al., 1993 (81) Ca2/ oscillations in Jurkat T cells Walleczek et al., 1994 =-=(83)-=- Failure a Replication studies are confined to those specifically designed to reproduce a previously reported EMF-induced response. results may be compared with other calcium flux studies, reviewed be...
1	Acute 60 Hz magnetic field effects on Ca 2/ (Mn 2/ ) influx in human Jurkat T-cells: strict dependence on cell state. 16th Annual Meeting of Bioelectromagnetics Society, Copenhagen (abstr - Walleczek, Killoran, et al. - 1994 (Show Context) Citation Context ...take (62) lymphocytes 6 mT, 3 Hz square wave Lymphocytes 6.5 mT, 60 Hz, 1 h 6.5 mT, 3 Hz square wave, 1 h 2 mT, 60 Hz, 2 min Increased Inhibited Increased Con-A induced 45Ca2/ uptake Mn2/ influx (84) =-=(87)-=- Brain tissue Small 45 2/ Ca uptake (73) changes Cultured cells No effect No effect Ca2/ transport Cytosolic Ca2/ (75) (76) ODC activity Human lymphoma 1 V/m, 60 Hz, 1 h Increased ODC activity (89) ce...
1	3 H-Uridine uptake in human leukemia HL-60 cells exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields - Azadniv, Miller - 1992 (Show Context) Citation Context ... of replication Nordenson et al., 1994 (45) Greene et al., 1991 (93) Chromosome defects in human amniotic cells Galt et al., 1995 (46) Failure [ 3H]uridine incorporation into Azadniv and Miller, 1992 =-=(94)-=- Failure HL60 cells MYC and b-actin transcription in Lacy-Hulbert et al., 1995 (106) Failure HL60 cells Saffer and Thurston, 1995 (108) ODC activity in mouse L929 cells Azadniv et al., 1995 (92) Failu...
1	Biochemical events in the mitogenic stimulation of 3T3 fibroblasts - Morris - 1984 (Show Context) Citation Context ...ration was into mRNA. These experiments could be taken to suggest that general RNA synthesis can be stimulated by EMF exposure, but the exquisite sensitivity of uridine transport to cell perturbation =-=(96)-=- indicates that the experiments require further verification. Early response genes: FOS and JUN Nuclear run-on assays used to measure gene transcription in T lymphoblastoid cells exposed to 100 mT 60 ...
1	Similarities in the proteins synthesised by Sciara salivary gland cells in response to electromagnetic fields and to heat shock - Blank, Khorkova, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...97, 105)]. The responses included activated gene expression in yeast (104), mouse myeloma cells (103), and three types of human cells (98, 102, 103), as well as changes in protein synthesis in Sciara =-=(101, 105)-=-, with no reports of cell types that were insensitive to ELF-EMFs. Several conclusions were drawn by Goodman and Henderson on the basis of these results. 1) A subset of genes including MYC, b-actin, h...
1	The effect of low-frequency electric and magnetic fields on gene expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae - Weisbrot, Khorkova, et al. - 1993 (Show Context) Citation Context ...s of eukaryotic cells have also been reported by Goodman and Henderson [õ1 h exposure, 60 Hz, 5.7 mT–57 mT (98, 101– 104), 1.1 mT (97, 105)]. The responses included activated gene expression in yeast =-=(104)-=-, mouse myeloma cells (103), and three types of human cells (98, 102, 103), as well as changes in protein synthesis in Sciara (101, 105), with no reports of cell types that were insensitive to ELF-EMF...