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... the SDS does not know which capabilities will be found on a generic artifact. In order to address this problem, the capabilities of the artifact must be described at a knowledge or conceptual level (=-=Newell, 1982-=-). Each artifact, provided with a semantic interface, will assist the dialogue manager to understand its functional and structural features. Knowledge modeling is a creative process. There is no corre...

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...g to the users’ wishes. Only in the last decade, with major advances in speech technology, have large-scale working systems been developed and, in some cases, introduced into commercial environments (=-=McTear, 2002-=-). Nevertheless, many implementations of dialogue managers perform input interpretation, output generation, and domain specific tasks. These tasks are usually domain dependent because its designs cons...

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.... The knowledge of the domain is represented by concepts that map unique IDentifiers (ID), which are alphanumeric codes, into a list of terms or more generically into a list of Multi-Word Unit (MWU) (=-=Daille et al. 1994-=-). A MWU list contains linguistic variations associated with each concept, such as synonymous or acronyms (or other multilingual equivalent). To declare a concept, at global or local level, one has to...

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...istributed systems, and reusable components (O’Neill & McTear, 2000). Typically, these issues are addressed through architectures that integrate reusable components. Recent progresses can be seen in (=-=Bohus & Rudnicky, 2003-=-; O’Neill et al., 2003; Pakucs, 2003; Polifroni & Chung 2002; Neto et al., 2003; Turunen & Hakulinen, 2003). The exponential drop in microprocessor cost over time has enabled appliance manufacturers t...

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...ssed through architectures that integrate reusable components. Recent progresses can be seen in (Bohus & Rudnicky, 2003; O’Neill et al., 2003; Pakucs, 2003; Polifroni & Chung 2002; Neto et al., 2003; =-=Turunen & Hakulinen, 2003-=-). The exponential drop in microprocessor cost over time has enabled appliance manufacturers to pack increasingly complex feature sets into appliances such as air conditioners, refrigerators, washing ...

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...’Neill & McTear, 2000). Typically, these issues are addressed through architectures that integrate reusable components. Recent progresses can be seen in (Bohus & Rudnicky, 2003; O’Neill et al., 2003; =-=Pakucs, 2003-=-; Polifroni & Chung 2002; Neto et al., 2003; Turunen & Hakulinen, 2003). The exponential drop in microprocessor cost over time has enabled appliance manufacturers to pack increasingly complex feature ...

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... is going to be. We need to determine which representation would simplify the algorithms, be more intuitive, more extensible, and more maintainable. We use a hybrid approach, which was introduced in (=-=Filipe & Mamede, 2004-=-), to model the domain knowledge, combining a top-down (applied to acquire global knowledge) and bottom-up (applied to acquire local knowledge) approaches. Both approaches convergesto reach middle-lev...