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...power [1] is becoming desirable to integrate into the existing power grid [2], while electric vehicles (EVs) especially the plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs) are becoming attractive for green transportation =-=[3]-=-. Because of the intermittent nature of wind power, it is a challenge to maintain both transient and steady-state balances of the power grid. Recently, the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SME...

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...(SMES). I. INTRODUCTION T O COPE with global energy crisis and environmental pol-lution, renewable generation especially wind power [1] is becoming desirable to integrate into the existing power grid =-=[2]-=-, while electric vehicles (EVs) especially the plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs) are becoming attractive for green transportation [3]. Because of the intermittent nature of wind power, it is a challenge to m...

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...ower. PHEV units. Initially, the capacity of wind power generation is selected as 20% of the total generation capacity installed [5] while the capacity of PHEVs is set to 10% of the total load demand =-=[6]-=-, which are the near-term targets for modern cities. The daily profiles of base load and wind power are depicted in Fig. 2. It can be observed that the wind power cannot directly relieve the base load...

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...ot directly relieve the base load without energy storage, since the crest of base load generally coincides with the trough of wind power. The wind power units are modeled as fixed-speed wind turbines =-=[7]-=-. They include two types of power converters, namely the AC-DC and DC-AC, for the desired voltage conversion. The PHEV units comprise of PHEVs and bidirectional DC-AC converters. Since each PHEV may n...

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...grid, renewable generation, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). I. INTRODUCTION T O COPE with global energy crisis and environmental pol-lution, renewable generation especially wind power =-=[1]-=- is becoming desirable to integrate into the existing power grid [2], while electric vehicles (EVs) especially the plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs) are becoming attractive for green transportation [3]. Beca...

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...ge to maintain both transient and steady-state balances of the power grid. Recently, the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) has been introduced to alleviate the problem of power imbalance =-=[4]-=-. With ever increasing popularity of PHEVs, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation provides an opportunity to utilize the energy stored in vehicle batteries as distributed power plants. Namely, the PHEVs...

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... the lower and upper bounds of SMES power output, and is the initial energy storage of the SMES. The operational power can be produced only within the energy limit of . The coordinated control method =-=[8]-=- is attractive for V2G operation which can optimize the load regulation of the power grid [9]. In this paper, this method is extended to minimize the total power losses under the hourly time scale and...

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...ES. The operational power can be produced only within the energy limit of . The coordinated control method [8] is attractive for V2G operation which can optimize the load regulation of the power grid =-=[9]-=-. In this paper, this method is extended to minimize the total power losses under the hourly time scale and to minimize the grid frequency fluctuation under the secondly time scale. The overall object...