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  Making the Most of Using Depth Reasoning to Label Line Drawings of Engineering Objects (2004) [6 citations — 3 self]

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by P. A. C. Varley, H. Suzuki, R. R. Martin
Patrikalakis and P. Brunet, 9th ACM Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications SM’04
http://ralph.cs.cf.ac.uk/Data/../papers/Geometry/Genoa2004.pdf
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Abstract:

Automatic creation of B-rep models of engineering objects from freehand sketches would benefit designers. A subgoal is to take a single line drawing (with hidden lines removed), and from it deduce an initial 3D geometric realisation of the visible part of the object. Junction and line labels, and provisional depth coordinates, are important components of this frontal geometry. Most methods for producing frontal geometry use line labelling, but this takes little or no account of geometry. As a result, the line labels produced can be unreliable. Previously, we proposed an approach which inflates a drawing to produce provisional depth coordinates, and uses these to make deductions about line labels. Even a naïve implementation can outperform previous line labelling methods in certain cases. In this paper, we further enhance this approach. We extend the algorithm to non-isometric-projection drawings, consider improved ways of realising some of the concepts, and also consider how to combine this approach with other labelling techniques to gain the benefits of each. We test our approach using to be drawings of what we consider representative samples of engineering objects; these exemplify difficulties not considered in many previous papers on line labelling. Our results, based on this test set, show that the enhancements result in significant benefits. 1

Citations

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108 Impossible objects as nonsense sentences – Huffman - 1971
56 Interpreting Line Drawing of Curved Objects – Malik - 1987
49 Optimization-based reconstruction of a 3D object from a single freehand line drawing – Lipson, Shpitalni - 1996
41 Decomposition of a visual Scene into Three-dimensional Bodies – Guzman - 1968
17 Combining Evidence in Probabilistic Relaxation – Kittler, Hancock - 1989
16 Interactive Sketch Input of Boundary Representation Solid Models – Grimstead - 1997
13 Constructing Boundary Representation Solid Models from a Two-Dimensional Sketch – Varley, Martin - 2000
12 The Automatic Interpretation of TwoDimensional Freehand Sketches – Jenkins - 1992
12 Estimate of frequencies of geometric regularities for use in reverse engineering of simple mechanical components – Mills, Langbein, et al. - 2001
10 Automatic Creation of BoundaryRepresentation Models from Single Line Drawings – Varley - 2002
9 Methodology and Results of an Industrial Parts Survey – Samuel, Requicha, et al. - 1976
9 Estimating Depth from Line Drawings – Varley, Martin - 2002
8 Computer Aided 3D Sketching for Conceptual Design – Lipson - 1998
8 The Junction Catalogue for Labelling Line Drawings of Polyhedra with Tetrahedral Vertices – Varley, Martin - 2001
7 Deterministic and Probabilistic Approaches to Labelling Line Drawings of Engineering Objects – Varley, Martin - 2003
5 Vijh and J.K.Tsotsos, Empirically-Derived Estimates of the Complexity of Labeling – Parodi, A - 1998
4 Interpreting Line Drawings of Objects with K-Junctions – Varley, Suzuki, et al. - 2004
2 J.Conesa and A.Piquer, An Optimisation-Based Reconstruction Engine for 3D Modelling by Sketching, accepted for publication in Computers & Graphics – Company
2 Frontal Geometry of Engineering Objects: Is Line Labelling Necessary – Varley, Martin, et al.