Abstract—The performance modeling and analysis of disk arrays is challenging due to the presence of multiple disks, large array caches, and sophisticated array controllers. Moreover, storage manufacturers may not reveal the internal algorithms implemented in their devices, so real disk arrays are effectively black-boxes. We use standard performance techniques to develop an integrated performance model that incorporates some of the complexities of real disk arrays. We show how measurement data and baseline performance models can be used to extract information about the various features implemented in a disk array. In this process, we identify areas for future research in the performance analysis of real disk arrays. Index Terms—RAID, analytical performance model, array cache, parallel I/O, enterprise storage systems, I/O performance evaluation, disk array.
|
420
|
An introduction to disk drive modeling
– Ruemmler, Wilkes
- 1994
|
|
88
|
Multi-level caching in distributed file systems - or - your cache ain’t nuthin’ but trash
– Muntz, Honeyman
- 1992
|
|
84
|
Hippodrome: Running Circles Around Storage Administration
– Anderson, Hobbs, et al.
- 2002
|
|
72
|
An automated resource provisioning tool for large-scale storage systems
– Alvarez
- 2001
|
|
68
|
An Analytic Performance Model for Disk Arrays
– Lee, Katz
- 1993
|
|
59
|
My cache or yours? Making storage more exclusive
– Wong, Wilkes
- 2002
|
|
41
|
An analytic behavior model for disk drives with readahead caches and request reordering
– Shriver, Merchant, et al.
- 1998
|
|
40
|
The Pantheon storage-system simulator
– Wilkes
- 1995
|
|
29
|
New algorithms for the disk scheduling problem
– Andrews, Bender, et al.
- 2002
|
|
26
|
System-oriented evaluation of I/O subsystem performance
– Ganger
- 1995
|
|
26
|
Asynchronous disk interleaving: Approximating access delays
– Kim, Tantawi
- 1991
|
|
25
|
A performance evaluation of RAID architectures
– Chen, Towsley
- 1992
|
|
23
|
The design and evaluation of RAID 5 and parity striping disk array architectures
– Chen, Towsley
- 1993
|
|
21
|
RAID5 Performance with Distributed Sparing
– Thomasian, Menon
- 1997
|
|
20
|
Analytic Modeling and Comparisons of Striping Strategies for Replicated Disk Arrays
– Merchant, Yu
- 1995
|
|
19
|
Analytic modeling of clustered RAID with mapping based on nearly random permutation
– Merchant, Yu
- 1996
|
|
18
|
Parallel I/O for High Performance Computing
– May
- 2000
|
|
15
|
A structured approach to redundant disk array implementation
– Courtright
- 1997
|
|
15
|
Performance of RAID5 disk arrays with read and write caching
– Menon
- 1994
|
|
12
|
Performance analysis of RAID5 disk arrays with a vacationing server model for rebuild mode operation
– Thomasian, Menon
- 1994
|
|
10
|
Performance analysis of the RAID 5 disk array
– Kuratti, Sanders
- 1995
|
|
9
|
Caching strategies to improve disk performance
– Karedla, Love, et al.
- 1994
|
|
8
|
Analysis of Methods for Scheduling Low Priority Disk Drive Tasks
– Bachmat, Schindler
- 2002
|
|
6
|
Mean value technique for closed fork-join networks
– Varki
- 1999
|
|
3
|
Average Case Analysis for Batched Disk Scheduling and Increasing Subsequences
– Bachmat
- 2002
|
|
3
|
A Modular, Analytical Model for Modern Disk Arrays
– Uysal, Alvarez, et al.
- 2001
|
|
3
|
Benchmark Synthesis Using the LRU Cache Hit Function
– Wong, Morris
- 1988
|
|
3
|
Performance analysis of the RAID5 disk array
– Kuratti
- 1995
|
|
2
|
Stochatic Analysis of Computer
– Aven, Coffman, et al.
- 1987
|
|
2
|
An Analytical Model of Disk Arrays under Synchronous I/O Workloads,” technical report, Univ. of New Hampshire
– Varki, Merchant, et al.
- 2003
|
|
1
|
Simple Table-Based Modeling of Storage Devices,” technical report
– Anderson
- 2001
|
|
1
|
Introduction to Queueing Theory. Md
– Cooper
- 1990
|
|
1
|
Method and Apparatus for Efficient Management of Non-Aligned I/O Write Request
– Dekoning, Fredin
- 1996
|
|
1
|
Coalescing Raid Commands Accessing Contiguous Data
– Islam, Riedle
- 1999
|
|
1
|
Method and System for Updating Data in a Data Storage System,” technical report
– Islam, Riedle
- 1999
|
|
1
|
Method and System for Improving Raid Controller Performance through Adaptive Write Back/Write through Caching,” technical report
– Mcknight, Riedle, et al.
- 2001
|
|
1
|
Dynamic Adjustment of Mirror Service Policy for Logical Volumes
– Jr, Ofek, et al.
- 1997
|
|
1
|
An Analytical Model of Reconstruction Time
– Merchant, Yu
- 1994
|
|
1
|
Dynamically Adaptive Data Retrieval for a Disk Drive Storage System,” technical report
– Ofer, Vishlitzky, et al.
- 1995
|
|
1
|
Redundant Storage with Mirroring by Logical Volume with Diverse Reading
– Vishlitzky, Ofek, et al.
- 1998
|
|
1
|
Prefetching to Service Multiple Video Streams from an Integrated Cached Disk Array,” technical report
– Vishlitzky, Wilson, et al.
- 1996
|
|
1
|
Adaptive Prefetching of Data from a Disk,” technical report, United States Patent and Trademark
– Yochai, Mason
- 1991
|
