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Abstract: Behavior-oriented AI is a scientific discipline that studies how behavior of agents emerges and becomes intelligent and adaptive. Success of the field is defined in terms of success in building physical agents that are capable of maximising their own self-preservation in interaction with a dynamically changing environment. The paper addresses this artificial life route towards artificial intelligence and reviews some of the results obtained so far. 1 Official reference: Steels, L. (1994) ... (Update)
Context of citations to this paper: More
.... in the environment is crucial for requiring the physical realisation and appearance of the agent in its surroundings ( Brooks91] [Steels94]) On the other hand, the ability to sense and act intelligently stands and falls with the design of so called behavior systems which...
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1.0: From SAB90 to SAB94 : Four Years of Animat Research - Meyer, Guillot (1994) (Correct)
0.9: Emergent Functionality in Robotic Agents Through on-Line Evolution. - Steels (1994) (Correct)
0.8: The Study of Sequential and Hierarchical Organisation of.. - Bryson (2000) (Correct)
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0.3: The Puzzle of Language Evolution - Steels (1999) (Correct)
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0.2: Mathematical Analysis of Behavior Systems. - Steels (1994) (Correct)
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BibTeX entry: (Update)
L. Steels, "The Artificial Life Roots of Artificial Intelligence", Artificial Life, vol. 1, pp. 75--110, 1994. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/steels93artificial.html More
@misc{ steels94artificial,
author = "L. Steels",
title = "The Artificial Life Roots of Artificial Intelligence",
text = "L. Steels, The Artificial Life Roots of Artificial Intelligence, Artificial
Life, vol. 1, pp. 75--110, 1994.",
year = "1994",
url = "citeseer.ist.psu.edu/steels93artificial.html" }
Citations (may not include all citations):2138 Genetic Algorithms in Search (context) - Goldberg - 1989
1931 Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems (context) - Holland - 1975
1364 A Robust Layered Control System for a Mobile Robot (context) - Brooks - 1986
700 Self-Organization and Associative Memory (context) - Kohonen - 1988
563 Learning to Predict by the Methods of Temporal Differences - Sutton - 1988
550 Parallel Distributed Processing (context) - Rumelhart, McClelland - 1986
471 Genetic Programming - Koza - 1992
458 Intelligence without reason - Brooks - 1991
365 Pengi: an implementation of a theory of activity (context) - Agre, Chapman - 1987
331 Logical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence (context) - Genesereth, Nilsson - 1987
221 The Society of Mind (context) - Minsky - 1985
212 The symbol grounding problem - Harnad - 1990
196 Motor Schema based mobile robot navigation (context) - Arkin - 1989
189 The Knowledge Level (context) - Newell - 1982
174 Principles of Neurodynamics (context) - Rosenblatt - 1962
174 Artificial Life - Langton - 1989
162 Vehicles: Experiments in Synthetic Psychology (context) - Braitenberg - 1984
144 Plans and Situated Action (context) - Suchman - 1987
141 The origins of order: self organization and selection in evo.. (context) - Kauffman - 1993
137 Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems (context) - Kosko - 1992
130 Visual routines (context) - Ullman - 1984
125 Learning to coordinate behaviors - Maes, Brooks - 1990
113 Evolution and the theory of games (context) - Maynard-Smith - 1982
101 Explorations in Parallel Distributed Processing (context) - McClelland, Rumelhart - 1986
99 The synthesis of digital machines with provable epistemic pr.. (context) - Rosenschein, Kaelbling - 1986
98 Cellular Automata Machines (context) - Toffoli, Margolus - 1977
90 Neural Networks for Control (context) - Miller, Sutton et al. - 1990
90 The Animat Path to AI - Wilson - 1991
83 Artificial life and real robots - Brooks - 1992
73 Intelligent Behavior in Animals and Robots (context) - McFarland, Boesser - 1994
70 Cooperation between distributed agents through selforganisat.. (context) - Steels - 1990
69 Action and planning in embedded agents (context) - Kaelbling, Rosenschein - 1990
67 Reinforcement Learning Architectures for Animats (context) - Sutton - 1991
62 A Formal Model of Computation for Sensory-Based Robotics - Lyons - 1989
60 The Dynamics of Action Selection (context) - Maes - 1989
57 The Organization of Behaviour (context) - Hebb - 1949
56 Shakey the Robot (context) - Nilsson - 1984
55 Neural Darwinism: The Theory of Neuronal Group Selection (context) - Edelman - 1987
53 Steps towards artificial intelligence (context) - Minsky - 1961
52 Designing Autonomous Agents: Theory and Practice from Biolog.. (context) - Maes - 1990
52 A Fine-Grained Alternative to the Subsumption Architecture f.. - Rosenblatt, Payton - 1989
49 The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological roots of Human Underst.. (context) - Maturana, Varela - 1987
48 Order Out of Chaos (context) - Prigogine, Stengers - 1984
48 Distributed Adaptive Control: The Self-organization of Struc.. (context) - Verschure, Krose et al. - 1992
45 Intelligence as Adaptive Behavior: An Experiment in Computat.. (context) - Beer - 1990
44 Evolving Visually Guided Robots - Cliff, Husbands et al. - 1993
40 Towards a theory of emergent functionality (context) - Steels - 1991
40 Properties of the bucket brigade algorithm (context) - Holland - 1985
35 An Overview of Evolutionary Algorithms for Parameter Optimiz.. (context) - Baeck - 1993
34 The Behavior Language; User's Guide - Brooks - 1990
34 Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence (context) - Shapiro - 1992
33 Behavior-Based Artificial Intelligence (context) - Maes - 1993
33 Challenges for Complete Creature Architectures - Brooks - 1991
30 The Use of Hierarchies for Action Selection (context) - Tyrrell - 1993
30 Special Issue on Reinforcement learning (context) - Sutton - 1992
29 Collective patterns and decision making (context) - Deneubourg - 1990
29 Reinforcement Learning with Hidden States (context) - Lin - 1993
28 From Animals to Animats (context) - Meyer - 1991
27 From Tom Thumb to the Dockers: Some Experiments with Foragin.. - Drogoul, Ferber - 1993
25 Connectionist Learning for Control (context) - Barto - 1990
23 Exploring Complexity (context) - Nicolis, Prigogine - 1985
22 Simulation of Adaptive Behavior in Animats: Review and Prosp.. (context) - Meyer - 1991
21 Distributed Adaptive Control: A Paradigm for Designing Auton.. (context) - Pfeifer, Verschure - 1992
21 Emergent computation: self-organizing (context) - Forrest - 1989
20 An emerging paradigm in robot architecture (context) - Malcolm, Smithers et al. - 1989
20 Landmark learning: An illustration of associative search (context) - Barto, Sutton - 1991
19 Bright Air (context) - Edelman - 1992
19 Harvesting by a group of robots (context) - Goss - 1992
16 Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems (context) - Varela, Bourgine - 1992
16 Environment Structure and Adaptive Behavior From the Ground .. - Todd, Wilson - 1993
15 artificial life (context) - Steels, Brooks - 1993
15 Environment Learning Using A Distributed Representation (context) - Mataric - 1990
14 Building Agents with Autonomous Behavior Systems (context) - Steels - 1993
14 Taking Eliminative Materialism Seriously: A Methodology for .. (context) - Smithers - 1992
14 Exploiting Analogical Representations (context) - Steels - 1990
13 Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (context) - Maenner, Manderick - 1992
13 An imitation of life (context) - Walter - 1950
13 Complex Systems Dynamics (context) - Weisbuch - 1991
12 Mobile Robots (context) - Jones, Flynn - 1993
12 Are autonomous agents information processing systems (context) - Smithers - 1993
11 Depth and Detours: An essay on visually guided behavior (context) - Arbib, House - 1987
10 and theories of life (context) - Pattee - 1989
10 Increasing Behavioural Repertoire in a Mobile Robot - Nehmzow, Smithers et al. - 1993
10 A Qualitative Dynamical Analysis of Evolved Locomotion Contr.. (context) - Gallagher, Beer - 1993
10 The Biology and Technology of Intelligent Autonomous Agents (context) - Steels - 1993
10 Quantitative Ethology: the statespace approach (context) - McFarland, Houston - 1981
9 The Evolution of Complexity by Means of Natural Selection (context) - Bonner - 1988
9 and Cooperative Computation (context) - Arbib, Hanson - 1987
9 Programming Assembly Robots in Terms of Task Achieving Behav.. (context) - Malcolm, Smithers - 1988
8 Autonomous Agents (context) - Kiss - 1991
6 reward: Learning with a critic in adaptive threshold systems (context) - Widrow, Gupta et al. - 1973
6 and robust visual navigation system (context) - Horswill - 1993
6 Characterizing Adaptation by Constraint (context) - Horswill - 1992
6 Animals as cost-based Robots (context) - McFarland - 1992
6 Robot Navigation by Light - Nehmzow - 1993
5 Emergent frame recognition and its use in artificial creatur.. (context) - Steels - 1991
5 An Adaptable Mobile Robot (context) - Kaelbling - 1992
5 The Geometry of Behavior (context) - Abraham, Dynamics - 1992
5 From Individual to Collective Behaviour in Social Insects (context) - Pasteels - 1987
5 Emergent Colonization in an Artificial Ecology (context) - Assad, Packard - 1991
5 Physics of far-from-equilibrium systems and selforganisation (context) - Nicolis - 1989
4 Liberation Management (context) - Peters - 1990
4 Robotics Research: The First International Symposium (context) - Brady, Paul - 1984
4 Building Robots: Expectations and Experiences (context) - Flynn, Brooks - 1989
4 Dumb Animals and Stupid Robots (context) - Webb - 1993
4 Thompson and E (context) - Varela - 1992
3 The Chemistry of Life (context) - Rose, Bullock - 1991
2 Behavior networks and force fields for simulating spinal ref.. (context) - Giszter - 1993
2 Artificial Neural Nets for controlling a 6-legged walking sy.. (context) - Cruse, Muller-Wilm et al. - 1993
1 Mirror Beyond Mirror: Puddles of Life (context) - Hoogeweg - 1989
1 An Introduction to the Self-organisation of Matter (context) - Babloyantz - 1986
1 R1: A Rule-Based Configurator of Computer systems (context) - McDermott - 1982
1 The Connection between AI and Biology in the Study of Behavi.. (context) - Webb, Smithers - 1992
1 Second order emergence (context) - Baas - 1993
1 Learning Robots (context) - Velde - 1992
1 Demonstration at the Alife Meeting (context) - Beckers - 1993
1 How Life Learned to Live (context) - Vogel - 1989
1 Playing with toy cars (context) - Hallam - 1993
1 Animal Mechanics (context) - Alexander - 1968
1 From Animals to Animats (context) - Meyer, Roitblatt - 1993
The graph only includes citing articles where the year of publication is known.
Documents on the same site (http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~zippy/alife-library.html): More
Genetic Programming with Adaptive Representations - Rosca, Ballard (1994) (Correct)
A Case Study in the Behavior-Oriented Design of Autonomous Agents. - Steels (Correct)
Intelligence - Dynamics and Representations - Steels (1995) (Correct)
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