We consider an optimal-reachability problem for a timed automaton with respect to a linear cost function which results in a weighted timed automaton. Our solution to this optimization problem consists of reducing it to a (parametric) shortest-path problem for a finite directed graph. The directed graph we construct is a refinement of the region automaton due to Alur and Dill. We present an exponential time algorithm to solve the shortest-path problem for weighted timed automata starting from a single state, and a doubly-exponential time algorithm to solve this problem starting from a zone of the state space.

Abstract. Priced timed (game) automata extend timed (game) automata with costs on both locations and transitions. In this paper we focus on reachability games for priced timed game automata and prove that the optimal cost for winning such a game is computable under conditions concerning the non-zenoness of cost and we prove that it is decidable. Under stronger conditions (strictness of constraints) we prove that in case an optimal strategy exists, we can compute a state-based winning optimal strategy. 1

In this paper, we propose a first efficient on-the-fly algorithm for solving games based on timed game automata with respect to reachability and safety properties. The algorithm we propose is a symbolic extension of the on-the-fly algorithm suggested by Liu & Smolka [15] for linear-time model-checking of finite-state systems. Being on-the-fly, the symbolic algorithm may terminate long before having explored the entire state-space. Also the individual steps of the algorithm are carried out efficiently by the use of so-called zones as the underlying data structure. Various optimizations of the basic symbolic algorithm are proposed as well as methods for obtaining time-optimal winning strategies (for reachability games). Extensive evaluation of an experimental implementation of the algorithm yields very encouraging performance results.

This paper is concerned with the derivation of infinite schedules for timed automata that are in some sense optimal. To cover a wide class of optimality criteria we start out by introducing an extension of the (priced) timed automata model that includes both costs and rewards as separate modelling features. A precise definition is then given of what constitutes optimal infinite behaviours for this class of models. We subsequently show that the derivation of optimal non-terminating schedules for such double-priced timed automata is computable.

Abstract. In this paper, we study timed games played on weighted timed automata. In this context, the reachability problem asks if, given a set T of locations and a cost C, Player 1 has a strategy to force the game into T with a cost less than C no matter how Player 2 behaves. Recently, this problem has been studied independently by Alur et al and by Bouyer et al. In those two works, a semi-algorithm is proposed to solve the reachability problem, which is proved to terminate under a condition imposing the non-zenoness of cost. In this paper, we show that in the general case the existence of a strategy for Player 1 to win the game with a bounded cost is undecidable. Our undecidability result holds for weighted timed game automata with five clocks. On the positive side, we show that if we restrict the number of clocks to one and we limit the form of the cost on locations, then the semi-algorithm proposed by Bouyer et al always terminates. 1

We study the cost-optimal reachability problem for weighted timed automata such that positive and negative costs are allowed on edges and locations. By optimality, we mean an infimum cost as well as a supremum cost. We show that this problem is PSPACE-COMPLETE. Our proof uses techniques of linear programming, and thus exploits an important property of optimal runs: their time-transitions use a time τ which is arbitrarily close to an integer. We then propose an extension of the region graph, the weighted discrete graph, whose structure gives light on the way to solve the cost-optimal reachability problem. We also give an application of the cost-optimal reachability problem in the context of timed games.

Abstract. Priced timed (game) automata extend timed (game) automata with costs on both locations and transitions. The problem of synthesizing an optimal winning strategy for a priced timed game under some hypotheses has been shown decidable in [5]. In this paper, we present an algorithm for computing the optimal cost and for synthesizing an optimal strategy in case there exists one. We also describe the implementation of this algorithm with the tool HyTech and present an example. 1

Abstract. We study the cost-optimal reachability problem for weighted timed automata such that positive and negative costs are allowed on edges and locations. By optimality, we mean an infimum cost as well as a supremum cost. We show that this problem is PSPACE-COMPLETE. Our proof uses techniques of linear programming, and thus exploits an important property of optimal runs: their time-transitions use a time τ which is arbitrarily closed to an integer. We then propose an extension of the region graph, the weighted discrete graph, whose structure gives light on the way to solve the cost-optimal reachability problem. We also give an application of the cost-optimal reachability problem in the context of timed games. 1

In this paper, we present weighted/priced timed automata, an extension of timed automaton with costs, and solve several interesting problems on that model. Key words: Weighted/priced timed automata, model-checking, games. 1

We consider weighted o-minimal hybrid systems, which extend classical o-minimal hybrid systems with cost functions. These cost functions are “observer variables ” which increase while the system evolves but do not constrain the behaviour of the system. In this paper, we prove two main results: (i) optimal o-minimal hybrid games are decidable; (ii) the model-checking of WCTL, an extension of CTL which can constrain the cost variables, is decidable over that model. This has to be compared with the same problems in the framework of timed automata where both problems are undecidable in general, while they are decidable for the restricted class of one-clock timed automata.