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...s producing and consuming multimedia annotations. The application of multimedia reasoning techniques on top of semantic multimedia annotations is also a research topic which is currently investigated =-=[9]-=-. A number of drawbacks of MPEG-7 have been reported [10, 11]. As a solution, multimedia ontologies based on MPEG-7 have been proposed. Hunter [6] provided the first attempt to model parts of MPEG-7 i...

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...straints, more recent work incorporates semantic knowledge about atemporal constraints pertaining to the properties of objects participating in the scene [183, 184, 185, 179, 143]. Description logics =-=[186, 187]-=- offer a very rich framework for representing video events including compositional hierarchy specification as well as semantic relationships. Learning of these description logic models has also been e...

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...mpositional hierarchy, in addition to the taxonomical hierarchy induced by logic-based concept definitions. In a description logic setting, an aggregate has the generic structure shown in Figure 3.4 (=-=Neumann and Möller 2006-=-). An aggregate is defined by (1) inheritance from parent concepts, (2) roles relating the aggregate to parts, and (3) constraints relating parts to each other. Instantiations of aggregates are at the...

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...nterpretation, recently, Neumann and Möller proposed the use of DLs for the representation of aggregates that can be used by reasoning services as building blocks for the scene interpretation process =-=[20]-=-. In [21] a thorough discussion of abductive reasoning tasks in DLs including Abox abduction is presented. In this work, the authors consider the development of algorithmic techniques based on semanti...

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...ow-level sensor data is transformed into a symbolic representation of the world in first-order logic and abduction is used to derive explanations. In the context of scene interpretation, recently, in =-=[7]-=- the use of DLs for scene interpretation processes is described. In this paper we present a novel approach based on the combination of the works in [4, 8] and [7], and indicate how formal representati...

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...et is defined by its membership function - unit represent the possible unit of the feature which may represent a measurement (may be empty) Space plays a dominant role in visual scenes as stressed in =-=[21]-=-. To take into account the spatial structure of seman6 Figure 3. Examples of a priori symbol grounding knowledge tic concepts, the knowledge based framework is involved with spatial relation represent...

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...row: results of probabilistic inference for missingObjects query. Below enlisted objects correspond to the inferred ones (visualized off the table) in left-to-right rear-to-front order. Neumann et al =-=[14]-=-, [15] thus describe a concept of aggregates that are composed of multiple parts and constrained primarily by temporal and spatial relations. The aggregates are represented in an ALCF(D) Description L...

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...nterpretation, recently, Möller and Neumann proposed the use of DLs for the representation of aggregates that can be used by reasoning services as building blocks for the scene interpretation process =-=[6, 7]-=-. However, in these works, description logics are used to theoretically describe multimedia interpretation processes only. The contribution of this paper is the first declarative way to formalize mult...

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...ts and roles as sets of pairs of individuals/objects. The definitions here are based on axioms of ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) set theory [15] and DL (Description Logic) =-=[21]-=- related expressions [5] by default. A. Classes Things for Achi3D project are initially proposed as “BuildingElement” which originates in IFCBuildingElement and “GeometricElement” which maps to geomet...