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1,073
Face Recognition: A Literature Survey
, 2000
"... ... This paper provides an up-to-date critical survey of still- and video-based face recognition research. There are two underlying motivations for us to write this survey paper: the first is to provide an up-to-date review of the existing literature, and the second is to offer some insights into ..."
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Cited by 1363 (21 self)
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... This paper provides an up-to-date critical survey of still- and video-based face recognition research. There are two underlying motivations for us to write this survey paper: the first is to provide an up-to-date review of the existing literature, and the second is to offer some insights into the studies of machine recognition of faces. To provide a comprehensive survey, we not only categorize existing recognition techniques but also present detailed descriptions of representative methods within each category. In addition,
The science of emotional intelligence
, 2005
"... This article presents a framework for emotiolllJl intelligenCl!, a set of skills hypothesized to contribute to the accurate appraisal and expression of emotion in oneself and in others, the effective regulation of emotion in self and others, and the use of feelings to motivate, plan, and achieve in ..."
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Cited by 777 (35 self)
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This article presents a framework for emotiolllJl intelligenCl!, a set of skills hypothesized to contribute to the accurate appraisal and expression of emotion in oneself and in others, the effective regulation of emotion in self and others, and the use of feelings to motivate, plan, and achieve in one's life. We start by reviewing the debate about the adaptive versus maladaptive qualities of emotion. We then explore the literature on intelligence, and especiaUy social intelligence. to examine the place of emotion in traditional intelligence conceptions. A framework for integrating the research on emotion-related snUs Is then described. Next, we review the components of emotional intelligence. To conclude the review. the role of emotional intelligence in mental health is discussed and avenues for further investigation are suggested. Is "emotional intelligence " 8 contradiction in terms? One tradition in Western thought has viewed emotions as disorganized interruptions of mental activity, so potentially disruptive that they must be controlled. Writing in the first century B.C., Publilius Syrus stated, "Rule your feelings, lest your feelings rule you " [1}.
Active Appearance Models Revisited
- International Journal of Computer Vision
, 2003
"... Active Appearance Models (AAMs) and the closely related concepts of Morphable Models and Active Blobs are generative models of a certain visual phenomenon. Although linear in both shape and appearance, overall, AAMs are nonlinear parametric models in terms of the pixel intensities. Fitting an AAM to ..."
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Cited by 456 (39 self)
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Active Appearance Models (AAMs) and the closely related concepts of Morphable Models and Active Blobs are generative models of a certain visual phenomenon. Although linear in both shape and appearance, overall, AAMs are nonlinear parametric models in terms of the pixel intensities. Fitting an AAM to an image consists of minimizing the error between the input image and the closest model instance; i.e. solving a nonlinear optimization problem. We propose an efficient fitting algorithm for AAMs based on the inverse compositional image alignment algorithm. We show how the appearance variation can be "projected out" using this algorithm and how the algorithm can be extended to include a "shape normalizing" warp, typically a 2D similarity transformation. We evaluate our algorithm to determine which of its novel aspects improve AAM fitting performance.
The Space of Human Body Shapes: Reconstruction And Parameterization from Range Scans
- ACM TRANS. GRAPH
, 2003
"... We develop a novel method for fitting high-resolution template meshes to detailed human body range scans with sparse 3D markers. We formulate an optimization problem in which the degrees of freedom are an affine transformation at each template vertex. The objective function is a weighted combination ..."
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Cited by 291 (4 self)
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We develop a novel method for fitting high-resolution template meshes to detailed human body range scans with sparse 3D markers. We formulate an optimization problem in which the degrees of freedom are an affine transformation at each template vertex. The objective function is a weighted combination of three measures: proximity of transformed vertices to the range data, similarity between neighboring transformations, and proximity of sparse markers at corresponding locations on the template and target surface. We solve for the transformations with a non-linear optimizer, run at two resolutions to speed convergence. We demonstrate reconstruction and consistent parameterization of 250 human body models. With this parameterized set, we explore a variety of applications for human body modeling, including: morphing, texture transfer, statistical analysis of shape, model fitting from sparse markers, feature analysis to modify multiple correlated parameters (such as the weight and height of an individual), and transfer of surface detail and animation controls from a template to fitted models.
Recovering non-rigid 3D shape from image streams
- Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
, 2000
"... This paper addresses the problem of recovering 3D nonrigid shape models from image sequences. For example, given a video recording of a talking person, we would like to estimate a 3D model of the lips and the full face and its internal modes of variation. Many solutions that recover 3D shape from 2D ..."
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Cited by 268 (6 self)
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This paper addresses the problem of recovering 3D nonrigid shape models from image sequences. For example, given a video recording of a talking person, we would like to estimate a 3D model of the lips and the full face and its internal modes of variation. Many solutions that recover 3D shape from 2D image sequences have been proposed; these so-called structure-from-motion techniques usually assume that the 3D object is rigid. For example Tomasi and Kanade’s factorization technique is based on a rigid shape matrix, which produces a tracking matrix of rank 3 under orthographic projection. We propose a novel technique based on a non-rigid model, where the 3D shape in each frame is a linear combination of a set of basis shapes. Under this model, the tracking matrix is of higher rank, and can be factored in a three step process to yield to pose, configuration and shape. We demonstrate this simple but effective algorithm on video sequences of people and animals. We were able to recover 3D non-rigid facial models with high accuracy. 1
A Data-Driven Reflectance Model
- ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS
, 2003
"... We present a generative model for isotropic bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) based on acquired reflectance data. Instead of using analytical reflectance models, we represent each BRDF as a dense set of measurements. This allows us to interpolate and extrapolate in the space o ..."
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Cited by 212 (7 self)
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We present a generative model for isotropic bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) based on acquired reflectance data. Instead of using analytical reflectance models, we represent each BRDF as a dense set of measurements. This allows us to interpolate and extrapolate in the space of acquired BRDFs to create new BRDFs. We treat each acquired BRDF as a single high-dimensional vector taken from a space of all possible BRDFs. We apply both linear (subspace) and non-linear (manifold) dimensionality reduction tools in an effort to discover a lowerdimensional representation that characterizes our measurements. We let users define perceptually meaningful parametrization directions to navigate in the reduced-dimension BRDF space. On the low-dimensional manifold, movement along these directions produces novel but valid BRDFs.
Trainable Videorealistic Speech Animation
- PROCEEDINGS OF SIGGRAPH 2002, SAN ANTONIO TEXAS
, 2002
"... We describe how to create with machine learning techniques a generative, videorealistic, speech animation module. A human subject is first recorded using a videocamera as he/she utters a predetermined speech corpus. After processing the corpus automatically, a visual speech module is learned from th ..."
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Cited by 204 (5 self)
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We describe how to create with machine learning techniques a generative, videorealistic, speech animation module. A human subject is first recorded using a videocamera as he/she utters a predetermined speech corpus. After processing the corpus automatically, a visual speech module is learned from the data that is capable of synthesizing the human subject's mouth uttering entirely novel utterances that were not recorded in the original video. The synthesized utterance is re-composited onto a background sequence which contains natural head and eye movement. The final output is videorealistic in the sense that it looks like a video camera recording of the subject. At run time, the input to the system can be either real audio sequences or synthetic audio produced by a text-to-speech system, as long as they have been phonetically aligned. The two key
Spacetime faces: High resolution capture for modeling and animation
- IN ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS (PROC. OF ACM SIGGRAPH)
, 2004
"... We present an end-to-end system that goes from video sequences to high resolution, editable, dynamically controllable face models. The capture system employs synchronized video cameras and structured light projectors to record videos of a moving face from multiple viewpoints. A novel spacetime stere ..."
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Cited by 192 (8 self)
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We present an end-to-end system that goes from video sequences to high resolution, editable, dynamically controllable face models. The capture system employs synchronized video cameras and structured light projectors to record videos of a moving face from multiple viewpoints. A novel spacetime stereo algorithm is introduced to compute depth maps accurately and overcome over-fitting deficiencies in prior work. A new template fitting and tracking procedure fills in missing data and yields point correspondence across the entire sequence without using markers. We demonstrate a datadriven, interactive method for inverse kinematics that draws on the large set of fitted templates and allows for posing new expressions by dragging surface points directly. Finally, we describe new tools that model the dynamics in the input sequence to enable new animations, created via key-framing or texture-synthesis techniques.
Recognition with Local Features: The Kernel Recipe
, 2003
"... Recent developments in computer vision have shown that local features can provide efficient representations suitable for robust object recognition. Support Vector Machines have been established as powerful learning algorithms with good generalization capabilities. In this paper, we combine these two ..."
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Cited by 176 (26 self)
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Recent developments in computer vision have shown that local features can provide efficient representations suitable for robust object recognition. Support Vector Machines have been established as powerful learning algorithms with good generalization capabilities. In this paper, we combine these two approaches and propose a general kernel method for recognition with local features. We show that the proposed kernel satisfies the Mercer condition and that it is suitable for many established local feature frameworks. Large-scale recognition results are presented on three different databases, which demonstrate that SVMs with the proposed kernel perform better than standard matching techniques on local features. In addition, experiments on noisy and occluded images show that local feature representations significantly outperform global approaches. 1.
