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25
A Survey of Visual Sensor Networks
, 2009
"... Visual sensor networks have emerged as an important class of sensor-based distributed intelligent systems, with unique performance, complexity, and quality of service challenges. Consisting of a large number of low-power camera nodes, visual sensor networks support a great number of novel vision-bas ..."
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Cited by 81 (0 self)
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Visual sensor networks have emerged as an important class of sensor-based distributed intelligent systems, with unique performance, complexity, and quality of service challenges. Consisting of a large number of low-power camera nodes, visual sensor networks support a great number of novel vision-based applications. The camera nodes provide information from a monitored site, performing distributed and collaborative processing of their collected data. Using multiple cameras in the network provides different views of the scene, which enhances the reliability of the captured events. However, the large amount of image data produced by the cameras combined with the network’s resource constraints require exploring new means for data processing, communication, and sensor management. Meeting these challenges of visual sensor networks requires interdisciplinary approaches, utilizing vision processing, communications and networking, and embedded processing. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the field of visual sensor networks, by exploring several relevant research directions. Our goal is to provide a better understanding of current research problems in the different research fields of visual sensor networks, and to show how these different research fields should interact to solve the many challenges of visual sensor networks.
Spatiotemporal Delay Control for Low-Duty-Cycle Sensor Networks
"... Abstract—Data delivery is a major function of sensor network applications. Many applications, such as military surveillance, require the detection of interested events to be reported to a command center within a specified time frame, and therefore impose a real-time bound on communication delay. On ..."
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Cited by 27 (2 self)
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Abstract—Data delivery is a major function of sensor network applications. Many applications, such as military surveillance, require the detection of interested events to be reported to a command center within a specified time frame, and therefore impose a real-time bound on communication delay. On the other hand, to conserve energy, one of the most effective approaches is to keep sensor nodes in the dormant state as long as possible while satisfying application requirements. Obviously a node can not communicate if it is not active. Therefore, to deliver data in a timely manner for such extremely low duty-cycle sensor networks, communication needs to be carefully managed among sensor nodes. In this work, we introduce three different approaches to provide real-time guarantee of communication delay. First, we present a method for increasing duty-cycle at individual node. Then we describe a scheme on placement of sink nodes. Based on previous two methods, we discuss a hybrid approach that shows better balance between cost and efficiency on bounding communication delay. Our solution is global optimal in terms of minimizing the energy consumption for bounding pairwise endto-end delay. For many-to-one and many-to-many cases, which are NP-hard, we propose corresponding heuristic algorithms for them. To our knowledge, these are the most generic and encouraging results to date in this new research direction. We evaluate our design with an extensive simulation of 5,000 nodes as well as with a small-scale running test-bed on TinyOS/Mote platform. Results show the effectiveness of our approach and significant improvements over an existing solution. I.
Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: Current Trends and Future Directions
- SENSORS
, 2010
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The Evolution from Single to Pervasive Smart Cameras
- In Proceedings of the Int. Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras (ICDSC
, 2008
"... Having seen increased interest from the research com-munity, smart camera systems have gone through a number of evolutionary steps like from single cameras to distributed smart camera systems with collaboration features. This work aims at defining a taxonomy to classify these systems based on their ..."
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Cited by 20 (9 self)
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Having seen increased interest from the research com-munity, smart camera systems have gone through a number of evolutionary steps like from single cameras to distributed smart camera systems with collaboration features. This work aims at defining a taxonomy to classify these systems based on their platform capabilities, the degree of distributed pro-cessing as well as system autonomy aspects covering self-configuration and mobility. Existing camera systems are clas-sified according to the proposed taxonomy. Besides captur-ing the design space for smart cameras, the main contribution of this paper is an overview of the research challenges for the envisioned class of pervasive smart camera systems. As defined in this work, future pervasive smart camera systems will be visual sensor networks targeted at end-user applica-tions where special emphasis is put on unobtrusiveness of the cameras as well as simple deployment supported by self con-figuration capabilities.
eShare: A Capacitor-Driven Energy Storage and Sharing Network for Long-Term Operation
"... The ability to move energy around makes it feasible to build distributed energy storage systems that can robustly extend the lifetime of networked sensor systems. eShare supports the concept of energy sharing among multiple embedded sensor devices by providing designs for energy routers (i.e., energ ..."
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Cited by 16 (8 self)
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The ability to move energy around makes it feasible to build distributed energy storage systems that can robustly extend the lifetime of networked sensor systems. eShare supports the concept of energy sharing among multiple embedded sensor devices by providing designs for energy routers (i.e., energy storage and routing devices) and related energy access and network protocols. In a nutshell, energy routers exchange energy sharing control information using their data network while sharing energy freely among connected embedded sensor devices using their energy network. To improve sharing efficiency subject to energy leakage, we develop an effective energy charging and discharging mechanism using an array of ultra-capacitors as the main component of an energy router. We extensively evaluate our system under six real-world settings. Results indicate our charging and discharging control can effectively minimize the energy leaked away. Moreover, the energy sharing protocol can quantitatively share 113J energy with 96.82 % accuracy in less than 2 seconds.
Pervasive Smart Camera Networks exploiting heterogeneous wireless Channels
- in Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom
, 2009
"... Abstract—Smart cameras are embedded systems that perform on-board video content analysis and only report detected events instead of permanently streaming videos. Visual sensor networks aim at integrating smart cameras with wireless sensor networks. Camera sensors have higher requirements regarding c ..."
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Cited by 10 (8 self)
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Abstract—Smart cameras are embedded systems that perform on-board video content analysis and only report detected events instead of permanently streaming videos. Visual sensor networks aim at integrating smart cameras with wireless sensor networks. Camera sensors have higher requirements regarding computing power and communication bandwidth than those typically used in wireless sensor network applications. Consequently, power management is an even more critical issue. This work in progress presents an attempt to address this by combining high and low power radios as well as high and low performance computing systems in one single platform. This allows to control power consumption by selectively enabling only required components. I.
Toward Pervasive Smart Camera Networks. Multi-Camera Networks
, 2009
"... Abstract Smart camera networks are real-time distributed embedded systems that perform computer vision using multiple cameras. This new approach has emerged thanks to a confluence of simultaneous advances in four key disciplines: computer vision, image sensors, embedded computing, and sensor networ ..."
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Cited by 5 (0 self)
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Abstract Smart camera networks are real-time distributed embedded systems that perform computer vision using multiple cameras. This new approach has emerged thanks to a confluence of simultaneous advances in four key disciplines: computer vision, image sensors, embedded computing, and sensor networks. In this chapter, we briefly review and classify smart camera platforms and networks into single smart cameras, distributed smart camera systems and wireless smart camera networks. We elaborate the vision of pervasive smart camera networks and identify major research challenges. As the technology for smart camera networks advances, we expect to see many new applications open up-transforming traditional multi-camera systems into pervasive smart camera networks.
Sensor placement for lifetime maximization in monitoring oil pipelines
- In Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems
, 2010
"... ABSTRACT Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely deployed and it is crucial to properly control the energy consumption of the sensor nodes to achieve the maximum WSNs' operation time (i.e., lifetime) as they are normally battery powered. In this paper, for sensor nodes that are utiliz ..."
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Cited by 4 (0 self)
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ABSTRACT Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely deployed and it is crucial to properly control the energy consumption of the sensor nodes to achieve the maximum WSNs' operation time (i.e., lifetime) as they are normally battery powered. In this paper, for sensor nodes that are utilized to monitor oil pipelines, we study the linear sensor placement problem with the goal of maximizing their lifetime. For a simple equal-distance placement scheme, we first illustrate that the result based on the widely used ideal power model can be misleading (i.e., adding more sensor nodes can improve WSN's lifetime) when compared to that of a realistic power model derived from Tmote Sky sensors. Then, we study equal-power placement schemes and formulate the problem as a MILP (mixed integer linear programming) problem. In addition, two efficient placement heuristics are proposed. The evaluation results show that, even with the Tmote power model, the equal-power placement schemes can improve the WSN's lifetime by up to 29% with properly selected number of sensor nodes, the distance between them and the corresponding transmission power levels. Moreover, one heuristic scheme actually obtains almost the same results as that of MILP, which is optimal. The real deployment in one oil field is also discussed.
Analytic Conditions For Energy Neutrality In Uniformly-formed Wireless Sensor Networks
"... Copyright & reuse City University London has developed City Research Online so that its users may access the research outputs of City University London's staff. Copyright © and Moral Rights for this paper are retained by the individual author(s) and / or other copyright holders. All materia ..."
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Cited by 4 (3 self)
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Copyright & reuse City University London has developed City Research Online so that its users may access the research outputs of City University London's staff. Copyright © and Moral Rights for this paper are retained by the individual author(s) and / or other copyright holders. All material in City Research Online is checked for eligibility for copyright before being made available in the live archive. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to from other web pages. Versions of research The version in City Research Online may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check the Permanent City Research Online URL above for the status of the paper. Enquiries If you have any enquiries about any aspect of City Research Online, or if you wish to make contact with the author(s) of this paper, please email the team at publications@city.ac.uk.IEEE TRANS. ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, PAPER-TW-OCT-12-1649.R2 1
Non-interactive localization of wireless camera sensors with mobile beacon
- IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput
, 2013
"... Abstract—Recent advances in the application field increasingly demand the use of wireless camera sensor networks (WCSNs), for which localization is a crucial task to enable various location-based services. Most of the existing localization approaches for WCSNs are essentially interactive, i.e., requ ..."
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Cited by 3 (0 self)
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Abstract—Recent advances in the application field increasingly demand the use of wireless camera sensor networks (WCSNs), for which localization is a crucial task to enable various location-based services. Most of the existing localization approaches for WCSNs are essentially interactive, i.e., require the interaction among the nodes throughout the localization process. As a result, they are costly to realize in practice, vulnerable to sniffer attacks, inefficient in energy consumption and computation. In this paper, we propose LISTEN, a noninteractive localization approach. Using LISTEN, every camera sensor node only needs to silently listen to the beacon signals from a mobile beacon node and capture a few images until determining its own location. We design the movement trajectory of the mobile beacon node, which guarantees to locate all the nodes successfully. We have implemented LISTEN and evaluated it through extensive experiments. Both the analytical and experimental results demonstrate that it is accurate, cost-efficient, and especially suitable for WCSNs that consist of low-end camera sensors. Index Terms—Wireless camera sensor network, localization, mobile Ç 1
