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SELECTION AND INFORMATION: A CLASS-BASED APPROACH TO LEXICAL RELATIONSHIPS
, 1993
"... Selectional constraints are limitations on the applicability of predicates to arguments. For example, the statement “The number two is blue” may be syntactically well formed, but at some level it is anomalous — BLUE is not a predicate that can be applied to numbers. According to the influential theo ..."
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Cited by 272 (9 self)
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Selectional constraints are limitations on the applicability of predicates to arguments. For example, the statement “The number two is blue” may be syntactically well formed, but at some level it is anomalous — BLUE is not a predicate that can be applied to numbers. According to the influential theory of (Katz and Fodor, 1964), a predicate associates a set of defining features with each argument, expressed within a restricted semantic vocabulary. Despite the persistence of this theory, however, there is widespread agreement about its empirical shortcomings (McCawley, 1968; Fodor, 1977). As an alternative, some critics of the Katz-Fodor theory (e.g. (Johnson-Laird, 1983)) have abandoned the treatment of selectional constraints as semantic, instead treating them as indistinguishable from inferences made on the basis of factual knowledge. This provides a better match for the empirical phenomena, but it opens up a different problem: if selectional constraints are the same as inferences in general, then accounting for them will require a much more complete understanding of knowledge representation and inference than we have at present. The problem, then, is this: how can a theory of selectional constraints be elaborated without first having either an empirically adequate theory of defining features or a comprehensive theory of inference? In this dissertation, I suggest that an answer to this question lies in the representation of conceptual
Introduction to the special issue on word sense disambiguation
- Computational Linguistics J
, 1998
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Integrating subject field codes into wordnet. In:
- Second International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC
, 2002
"... Abstract In this paper, we present a lexical resource where WordNet synsets are annotated with Subject Field Codes. We discuss both the methodological issues we dealt with and the annotation techniques used. A quantitative analysis of the resource coverage, as well as a qualitative evaluation of th ..."
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Cited by 200 (10 self)
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Abstract In this paper, we present a lexical resource where WordNet synsets are annotated with Subject Field Codes. We discuss both the methodological issues we dealt with and the annotation techniques used. A quantitative analysis of the resource coverage, as well as a qualitative evaluation of the proposed annotations, are reported.
Word sense disambiguation: a survey
- ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS
, 2009
"... Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the ability to identify the meaning of words in context in a computational manner. WSD is considered an AI-complete problem, that is, a task whose solution is at least as hard as the most difficult problems in artificial intelligence. We introduce the reader to the ..."
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Cited by 191 (16 self)
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Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the ability to identify the meaning of words in context in a computational manner. WSD is considered an AI-complete problem, that is, a task whose solution is at least as hard as the most difficult problems in artificial intelligence. We introduce the reader to the motivations for solving the ambiguity of words and provide a description of the task. We overview supervised, unsupervised, and knowledge-based approaches. The assessment of WSD systems is discussed in the context of the Senseval/Semeval campaigns, aiming at the objective evaluation of systems participating in several different disambiguation tasks. Finally, applications, open problems, and future directions are discussed.
2000. Class-based construction of a verb lexicon
- In Proceedings of the 17th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and 12th Conference on on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence
"... We present an approach to building a verb lexicon compatible with WordNet but with explicitly stated syntactic and semantic information, using Levin verb classes to systematically construct lexical entries. By using verb classes we capture generalizations about verb behavior and reduce the effort ne ..."
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Cited by 178 (14 self)
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We present an approach to building a verb lexicon compatible with WordNet but with explicitly stated syntactic and semantic information, using Levin verb classes to systematically construct lexical entries. By using verb classes we capture generalizations about verb behavior and reduce the effort needed to construct the lexicon. The syntactic frames for the verb classes are represented by a Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar augmented with semantic predicates, which allows a compositional interpretation.
Word sense disambiguation: The state of the art
- Computational Linguistics
, 1998
"... The automatic disambiguation of word senses has been an interest and concern since the earliest days of computer treatment of language in the 1950's. Sense disambiguation is an “intermediate task ” (Wilks and Stevenson, 1996) which is not an end in itself, but rather is necessary at one level o ..."
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Cited by 152 (3 self)
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The automatic disambiguation of word senses has been an interest and concern since the earliest days of computer treatment of language in the 1950's. Sense disambiguation is an “intermediate task ” (Wilks and Stevenson, 1996) which is not an end in itself, but rather is necessary at one level or another to accomplish most natural language processing tasks. It is
Some Ontological Principles for Designing Upper Level Lexical Resources
, 1998
"... The purpose of this paper is to explore some semantic problems related to the use of linguistic ontologies in information systems, and to suggest some organizing principles aimed t o solve such problems. The taxonomic structure of current ontologies is unfortunately quite complicated and hard to und ..."
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Cited by 132 (5 self)
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The purpose of this paper is to explore some semantic problems related to the use of linguistic ontologies in information systems, and to suggest some organizing principles aimed t o solve such problems. The taxonomic structure of current ontologies is unfortunately quite complicated and hard to understand, especially for what concerns the upper levels. I will focus here on the problem of ISA overloading, which I believe is the main responsible of these difficulties. To this purpose, I will carefully analyze the ontological nature of the categories used in current upper-level structures, considering the necessity of splitting them according to more subtle distinctions or the opportunity of excluding them because of their limited organizational role.
Selectional constraints: an information-theoretic model and its computational realization
, 1996
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Ontological Semantics
, 2004
"... This book introduces ontological semantics, a comprehensive approach to the treatment of text meaning by computer. Ontological semantics is an integrated complex of theories, methodologies, descriptions and implementations. In ontological semantics, a theory is viewed as a set of statements determin ..."
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Cited by 128 (38 self)
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This book introduces ontological semantics, a comprehensive approach to the treatment of text meaning by computer. Ontological semantics is an integrated complex of theories, methodologies, descriptions and implementations. In ontological semantics, a theory is viewed as a set of statements determining the format of descriptions of the phenomena with which the theory deals. A theory is associated with a methodology used to obtain the descriptions. Implementations are computer systems that use the descriptions to solve specific problems in text processing. Implementations of ontological semantics are combined with other processing systems to produce applications, such as information extraction or machine translation. The theory of ontological semantics is built as a society of microtheories covering such diverse ground as specific language phenomena, world knowledge organization, processing heuristics and issues relating to knowledge representation and implementation system architecture. The theory briefly sketched above is a top-level microtheory, the ontological semantics theory per se. Descriptions in ontological semantics include text meaning representations, lexical entries, ontological concepts and instances as well as procedures for manipulating texts and their meanings. Methodologies in ontological semantics are sets of techniques and instructions for acquiring and
