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Given the increasing evidence that older ethnic minorities underuse mental health services, the present study assessed determinants of attitudes toward mental health services with a sample of older Korean Americans (N = 472). Adapting Andersen’s behavioral health model, predisposing factors (age, sex, marital status, education, length of residence in the United States), mental health needs (anxiety, suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms), and enabling factors (personal experiences and beliefs) were considered as potential predictors. Shorter residence in the United States and higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with more-negative attitudes toward mental health services. Culture-influenced personal beliefs (knowledge about mental illness and stigmatism) were found to play a substantial role in shaping individuals ’ attitudes toward mental health services. Findings call attention to the need to investigate how culture influences the response to mental health needs and to develop community education and outreach programs to close the gaps between mental health needs and service utilization in older ethnic minority populations. Keywords mental health; service utilization; Korean American; older adults

How states and localities react to federal airport grant cuts is a question of increasing importance, especially in light of recent congressional funding reauthorization debates. This study finds that states and localities behave in the way public finance theory pre-dicts. The magnitude of an airport spending change is the same (but in opposite direc-tions) for a cut and an increase in airport grants. Thus, the flypaper effect operates in both directions. Spillovers arising from airport spending are also considered. With the hub and spoke structure of the U.S. air transportation system, a spending increase on air-ports experiencing major time delays confers spillover benefits on individuals in other states in the form of travel time savings from decreased congestion. These spillovers are reciprocal. There is significant evidence of such interdependencies, and an individual state raises airport spending by between 50 and 60 cents when other states increase air-port spending by 1 dollar.

this paper is just the within households. beginning. It is critical that we continue the cycle of Evidence suggests that household respondents tend to analysis, qualitative exploration, and experimentation, err on the side of excluding marginal or peripheral that recently has begun to yield both knowledge and household residents. This may be due to flaws in the ways practical improvements in roster methods. As we the census roster questions were asked and in their continue to gain insight into the roster process, potential premise that each person can be assigned to one and only causes of coverage error emerge. We have a clearer one "usual residence." The variety of residence terms used picture than we did even a year ago of the sources of in the traditional census roster may also be a source of errors in household rosters, and of potential underreporting by household respondents. Gerber and methodological improvements which may reduce or Bates (1994) hypothesize that respondents assimilate the eliminate many of these errors. One issue we have not various contrary meanings and multiple rules by yet confronted is the mode of data collection and how it interpreting the roster as a request for the permanent or affects rostering using this questionnaire. We hope to official residents of the household. Possibly, the screening report back to you in a year additional improvements in questions developed in the more recent tests to determine that and other aspects of our roster research.

hereafter created.

Recebido em 11 de janeiro de 2012. Aceito em 09 de outubro de 2013. Using data from the Brazilian Labor Monthly Survey (PME / IBGE) for the years of 2006 and 2007, the paper investigates if the wage differential by firm size in Brazil can be explained by the predictions of the Efficiency Wage Theory. It is adopted a Switching Regression Model to estimate if large size companies pay a higher wage premium for dispended labor effort, as compared to smaller enterprises. The results prove the EW predictions since they evidence positive relationships between wages and labor effort, schooling and longer job duration. However, such findings are not sufficient to explain the existence of wage differentials by firm size in the Brazilian labor market.

Abstract not found

ABSTRACT. Objective. All-terrain vehicle (ATV) injuries among children represent a significant and growing problem. Although state-level analyses have characterized some aspects of pediatric ATV-related injuries, little information on the national impact on hospitalization is available. This study was designed to characterize more fully the patterns of injury, hospital length of stay, and hospital charges associated with ATV-related injuries, with a nationally representative sample. Methods. Analyses were based on the 1997 and 2000 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database (KID). The KID is the only national, all-payer database of hospital discharges for children. KID data were weighted to represent all discharges from general hospitals in the United States. Discharges with external cause-of-injury codes consistent with off-road ATV-related injuries were selected, and the affected population was described. Nationally representative rates of ATVrelated injuries were calculated, and changes between 1997 and 2000 were documented. Results. An estimated 5292 children were hospitalized because of ATV-related injuries during the 2-year period, and hospitalizations increased 79.1% between 1997 and 2000. Rates of ATV-related hospitalization were highest among adolescent white male subjects, consistent with previous studies. Most patients had hospital lengths of stay of <4 days (68%), but 10% had stays of >8 days. Injury severity varied considerably, with more than one third of patients sustaining moderate to severe injuries. Approximately 1% of hospitalizations resulted in in-hospital deaths. Total hospital charges for this injury mechanism were $74 367 677 for the 2-year study period. Most of these charges were paid by private insurers. Conclusions. This study provides evidence supporting recent substantial increases in childhood ATV-related injuries. The hospitalization impact of ATV-related injuries among children is considerable. Our data support the need for ongoing creative attempts to identify effective strategies to decrease ATV injuries among children. Pediatrics 2005;115:e316-e321. URL: www. pediatrics.org/cgi

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Objective To develop consensus-based recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals following the use of smallpox as a biological weapon against a civilian population. Participants The working group included 21 representatives from staff of major medical centers and research, government, military, public health, and emergency management institutions and agencies. Evidence The first author (D.A.H.) conducted a literature search in conjunction with the preparation of another publication on smallpox as well as this article. The literature identified was reviewed and opinions were sought from experts in the diagnosis and management of smallpox, including members of the working group. Consensus Process The first draft of the consensus statement was a synthesis of information obtained in the evidence-gathering process. Members of the working group provided formal written comments that were incorporated into the second draft of the statement. The working group reviewed the second draft on October 30, 1998. No significant disagreements existed and comments were incorporated into a third draft. The fourth and final statement incorporates all relevant evidence obtained by the literature search in conjunction with final consensus recommendations supported by all working group members. Conclusions Specific recommendations are made regarding smallpox vaccination, therapy, postexposure isolation and infection control, hospital epidemiology and infection control, home care, decontamination of the environment, and additional research needs. In the event of an actual release of smallpox and subsequent epidemic, early detection, isolation of infected individuals, surveillance of contacts, and a focused selective vaccination program will be the essential items of an effective control program.