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www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Hormesis in Aging and Neurodegeneration—A Prodigy Awaiting Dissection
, 2013
"... Abstract: Hormesis describes the drug action of low dose stimulation and high dose inhibition. The hormesis phenomenon has been observed in a wide range of biological systems. Although known in its descriptive context, the underlying mode-of-action of hormesis is largely unexplored. Recently, the ho ..."
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Abstract: Hormesis describes the drug action of low dose stimulation and high dose inhibition. The hormesis phenomenon has been observed in a wide range of biological systems. Although known in its descriptive context, the underlying mode-of-action of hormesis is largely unexplored. Recently, the hormesis concept has been receiving increasing attention in the field of aging research. It has been proposed that within a certain concentration window, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) could act as major mediators of anti-aging and neuroprotective processes. Such hormetic phenomena could have potential therapeutic applications, if properly employed. Here, we review the current theories of hormetic phenomena in regard to aging and neurodegeneration, with the focus on its underlying mechanism. Facilitated by a simple mathematical model, we show for the first time that ROS-mediated hormesis can be explained by the addition of different biomolecular reactions including oxidative damage, MAPK signaling and autophagy stimulation. Due to their divergent scales, the optimal hormetic window is sensitive to each kinetic parameter, which may vary between individuals. Therefore, therapeutic utilization of hormesis requires quantitative characterizations in order to access the optimal hormetic
Vascular function and circulating progenitor cells in thrombangitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease) and arteriosclerosis. Hypertension
"... Abstract—Thromboangitis obliterans (TAO; Buerger’s disease) and atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO) are associated with endothelial dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) in endothelial function in patients with TAO and ASO. We measured fl ..."
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Abstract—Thromboangitis obliterans (TAO; Buerger’s disease) and atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO) are associated with endothelial dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) in endothelial function in patients with TAO and ASO. We measured flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation, and circulating CPCs in 30 patients with TAO and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects and in 40 patients with ASO. FMD was smaller in both the TAO group and ASO group than in the control group (6.62.7%, 5.73.3 % versus 9.53.1%, P0.0001, respectively). There was no significant difference in FMD between the TAO group and ASO group. Nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation was similar in the 3 groups. The number of and migration of circulating CPCs were similar in the TAO group and control group, whereas the number of and migration of circulating CPCs were significantly lower in the ASO group than in other groups (ASO 553297/mL versus TAO 963543/mL; control 1063426/mL and ASO 3618/hpf versus TAO 6223/hpf; control 6818/hpf, P0.0001, respectively). There was a significant relationship between the number of and migration of CPCs and FMD (r0.43 and r0.40, P0.0001, respectively). FMD was impaired in patients with TAO as well as in patients with ASO compared to that in normal control subjects, and the number of and function of circulating CPCs were not decreased in patients with TAO. These findings may partially explain why there are differences in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates between patients with TAO and patients with ASO. (Hypertension. 2011;57:70-78.) ● Online Data Supplement
Neurocysticercosis: A Review
- The Scientific World Journal
, 2012
"... Neurocognitive effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic ..."
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Neurocognitive effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic
www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Endothelial Aging Associated with Oxidative Stress Can Be Modulated by a Healthy Mediterranean Diet
, 2013
"... Abstract: Aging is a condition which favors the development of atherosclerosis, which has been associated with a breakdown in repair processes that occurs in response to cell damage. The dysregulation of the biological systems associated with aging are produced partly through damage which accumulate ..."
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Abstract: Aging is a condition which favors the development of atherosclerosis, which has been associated with a breakdown in repair processes that occurs in response to cell damage. The dysregulation of the biological systems associated with aging are produced partly through damage which accumulates over time. One major source of this injury is oxidative stress, which can impair biological structures and the mechanisms by which they are repaired. These mechanisms are based on the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction, which in turn is associated with cardiovascular disease, carcinogenesis and aging. The dependent dysfunction of aging has been correlated with a reduction in the number and/or functional activity of endothelial progenitor cells, which could hinder the repair and regeneration of the endothelium. In addition, aging, inflammation and oxidative stress are endogenous factors that cause telomere shortening, which is dependent on oxidative cell damage. Moreover, telomere length correlates with lifestyle and the consumption of a healthy diet. Thus, diseases associated with aging and age may be caused by the long-term effects of oxidative damage, which are modified by genetic and environmental factors. Considering that diet is a very important source of antioxidants, in this review we will
G: Potential role of nitric oxide in contractionstimulated glucose uptake and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008
"... mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle ..."
Effects of acute and chronic endurance exercise on intracellular nitric oxide and superoxide in circulating CD34+ and CD34– cells
- J. Appl. Physiol
, 2011
"... of acute and chronic endurance exercise on intracellular nitric oxide in putative endothelial progenitor cells: role of NADPH oxidase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 297: H1798–H1805, 2009. First published August 28, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00347.2009.—We sought to delineate the effects of acute ..."
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of acute and chronic endurance exercise on intracellular nitric oxide in putative endothelial progenitor cells: role of NADPH oxidase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 297: H1798–H1805, 2009. First published August 28, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00347.2009.—We sought to delineate the effects of acute and chronic exercise on the regulation of intracellular nitric oxide (NOi) production in putative endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Putative EPC colony-forming units (CFU-EC) were cultured from blood drawn before and after 30 min of treadmill exercise at 75 % of maximal oxygen uptake in active (n 8) and inactive (n 8) men. CFU-EC were similar between groups at baseline, but increased after exercise in active men only (P 0.04). CFU-EC expressed lower NADPH oxidase subunit gp91phox mRNA and elevated endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA in active rela-tive to inactive men at baseline (P 0.05). Acute exercise reduced gp91phox mRNA in CFU-EC of both groups (P 0.05), whereas
www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Exploring the Role of Genetic Variability and Lifestyle in Oxidative Stress Response for Healthy Aging and Longevity
, 2013
"... Abstract: Oxidative stress is both the cause and consequence of impaired functional homeostasis characterizing human aging. The worsening efficiency of stress response with age represents a health risk and leads to the onset and accrual of major age-related diseases. In contrast, centenarians seem t ..."
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Abstract: Oxidative stress is both the cause and consequence of impaired functional homeostasis characterizing human aging. The worsening efficiency of stress response with age represents a health risk and leads to the onset and accrual of major age-related diseases. In contrast, centenarians seem to have evolved conservative stress response mechanisms, probably derived from a combination of a diet rich in natural antioxidants, an active lifestyle and a favorable genetic background, particularly rich in genetic variants able to counteract the stress overload at the level of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. The integration of these factors could allow centenarians to maintain moderate levels of free radicals that exert beneficial signaling and modulator effects on cellular metabolism. Considering the hot debate on the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in promoting healthy aging, in this review we gathered the existing information regarding genetic variability and lifestyle factors which potentially modulate the stress response at old age. Evidence reported here suggests that the integration of lifestyle factors (moderate physical activity and healthy nutrition) and genetic background could shift the balance in favor of the antioxidant cellular machinery by activating appropriate defense mechanisms in
Metalloproteomics: principles, challenges and applications to neurodegeneration,” Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
, 2013
"... Trace elements are required for a variety of normal biological functions. As our understand-ing of neurodegenerative disease advanceswe are identifying a number ofmetalloenzymes involved in disease process. Thus, the future of metals in neurobiology will rely more on detailed information regarding w ..."
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Trace elements are required for a variety of normal biological functions. As our understand-ing of neurodegenerative disease advanceswe are identifying a number ofmetalloenzymes involved in disease process. Thus, the future of metals in neurobiology will rely more on detailed information regarding what metalloenzymes are present and how they are involved in the pathophysiology of disease. To gain this detailed information, we will rely less on bulk measures of the amount of a trace elements in a particular tissue and turn to metalloproteomic techniques to help elucidate both metalloprotein structure and function. Recent advances in metalloproteomics will translate to a richer understanding of the mechanism and precise role of metalloenzymes and proteins in the brain.
Peroxynitrite-Induced Nitration of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Promotes Their Binding in Diabetic Angiopathy
"... Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) play crucial roles in diabetic angiopathy. In vivo, however, the following facts remain unknown: whether COX-2 and iNOS bind, how peroxynitrite-induced nitration of COX-2 and iNOS affects their binding if they do bind and what effec ..."
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Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) play crucial roles in diabetic angiopathy. In vivo, however, the following facts remain unknown: whether COX-2 and iNOS bind, how peroxynitrite-induced nitration of COX-2 and iNOS affects their binding if they do bind and what effects of this mechanism contribute to diabetic angiopathy. This study focused on the issues above. Diabetes was induced in Wistar male rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. As a specific scavenger of peroxynitrite, urate was used. After 13 wks of diabetes, the morphological and biochemical changes of the rats showed obvious diabetic angiopathy. There exists in vivo colocalization and binding of COX-2 and iNOS in diabetic angiopathy. The nitration level of total and coimmunoprecipitated COX-2 and iNOS increased significantly, and, simultaneously, their binding and activity increased in the diabetes group. In the diabetes + urate group, the nitration level of COX-2 and iNOS decreased and their binding reduced, consistent with their decreased activity and the attenuated pathological changes in the rat aorta and glomerulus. The results provide in vivo evidence that COX-2 and iNOS can bind in diabetic angiopathy and that peroxynitrite-induced nitration of COX-2 and iNOS promotes their binding, contributing to diabetic angiopathy.
