Citation Context

...he wide-area file search problem. Contrary to that trend, we advocate retaining Gnutella’s simplicity while proposing new mechanisms that greatly improve its scalability. Building upon prior research =-=[1, 12, 22]-=-, we propose several modifications to Gnutella’s design that dynamically adapt the overlay topology and the search algorithms in order to accommodate the natural heterogeneity present in most peer-to-...

Citation Context

......$5.00. many other P2P systems that are continuing their meteoric growth. Despite their growing importance, the performance of P2P systems is not yet well understood. P2P systems were classified by =-=[9]-=- into three different categories. Some P2P systems, such as Napster [6], are centralized in that they have a central directory server to which users can submit queries (or searches). Other P2P systems...

Citation Context

...ntally different purposes and are independent. The network maintenance protocol implements a self-organization process changing the system state, i.e., the overlay network’s structure, whereas the search protocol implements a distributed algorithm in the overlay network. The properties of the emergent Gnutella overlay network are relevant for the search performance. The independence of the network maintenance and search protocols makes it possible to use alternative search protocols which may exploit the emergent overlay network structure more efficiently. Examples are the random walker model [14] and the percolation search model [16], which both exploit the specific overlay network structure. In contrast, standard structured P2P systems follow a different approach with respect to network maintenance. They assign static identifiers to peers and the distributed data structures (e.g., DHTs) are constructed based on these identifiers by distributed algorithms. As a result the overlay network structure is mainly determined by the choice of identifiers and in turn any selforganization of the system is prevented. However, there exists an example of a structured P2P system, Freenet [8] that e...

Citation Context

...; we just aren't convinced that popular-music file-sharing will be one of them. 2 Background Our design is based on two ongoing research thrusts: attempts to improve the search facilities in Gnutella =-=[8, 3, 1]-=-, and a measurement study [11] that revealed significant heterogeneity in P2P systems. Improvements to Gnutella: Gnutella uses TTLlimited flooding to distribute its queries. Lv et al. [8] investigate ...

Citation Context

...uctured networks havebeen proposed with an intention to reduce the overhead of the original Gnutella flooding scheme [6] (breadth-first traversal of the underlying graph). In the Random Walks method =-=[9]-=-, the requesting node sends out k query messages to an equal number of randomly chosen neighbors. Each of these queries follows its own path, having intermediate nodes forward it to a randomly chosen ...

Citation Context

... regular networks. However, its performance deteriorates as the timeto-live increases, or if the topology of the underlying network is not regular [1]. In addition, flooding has poor granularity [2], =-=[3]-=-. Simulating a random walk has been proposed as an alternative search technique. In regular topologies, the performance of the random walk simulation method appears to be better than the performance o...