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22
English stress-preservation and Stratal Optimality Theory
, 2007
"... óbvious → óbviousness – has been important in generative discussions of morphophonological interaction. This thesis carries out empirical investigations into English stress preservation, and uses their results to argue for a particular version of ..."
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óbvious → óbviousness – has been important in generative discussions of morphophonological interaction. This thesis carries out empirical investigations into English stress preservation, and uses their results to argue for a particular version of
The universal constraint set: convention, not fact
- In Dekkers et al
, 2000
"... All languages make the same phonological generalisations. This is the re-markable claim of Optimality Theory (OT). In early generative phonology (Chomsky & Halle 1968), phonological gen-eralisations were expressed by ordered rewrite rules. Each language, however, required its own set of rules as ..."
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All languages make the same phonological generalisations. This is the re-markable claim of Optimality Theory (OT). In early generative phonology (Chomsky & Halle 1968), phonological gen-eralisations were expressed by ordered rewrite rules. Each language, however, required its own set of rules as well as its own ordering. Later, underspeci-cation phonology (Archangeli & Pulleyblank 1989, 1994) emphasised default rules. Universal tendencies in the rules were apparent, but characterising all languages with a single set of rules remained an unreachable dream. In OT, phonological generalisations are expressed as ranked defeasible con-straints. Ranking provides so many distinct but plausible grammars that it seems feasible that a universal set of phonological generalisations could account for the diversity of phonological systems. The question we face is no longer whether the assumption of such a universal set is theoretically tenable, but whether it is justiable. There are two senses in which such an assumption could be justied: either as a fact or as a convention. If a fact, it claims that all language users objec-tively instantiate the same set of generalisations. If a convention, it encourages phonologists to describe languages using an agreed but arbitrary system of gen-eralisations. In this interpretation, the universal constraint set is as arbitrary, but as useful, as the international phonetic alphabet (IPA). This chapter examines seven kinds of argument for one or other status of the universality of phonological constraints. These are the arguments from empirical
Derivational Phonology and Optimality Phonology: Formal Comparison and Synthesis
, 2003
"... This thesis conducts a formal comparison of Optimality Theoretic phonology with its predecessor, Rule-based Derivational phonology. This is done in three studies comparing (i) rule operations and Faithfulness constraint violations, (ii) serial rule interaction and hierarchical constraint interaction ..."
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This thesis conducts a formal comparison of Optimality Theoretic phonology with its predecessor, Rule-based Derivational phonology. This is done in three studies comparing (i) rule operations and Faithfulness constraint violations, (ii) serial rule interaction and hierarchical constraint interaction, and (iii) derivational sequences and harmony scales. In each, the extent of the correlation is demonstrated, and empirical implications of their differences drawn out. Together, the studies demonstrate that there is no case in which the two frameworks mimic each other at all three points at once: the “Duke of York gambit”, where one rule is reversed by another, is the one case where rule ordering and constraint ranking converge, yet the complexity of this composite mapping demonstrably exceeds that of the input-output mappings of Optimality Theory. It is also argued that the Duke of York mapping is generally unexplanatory, and that its availability falsely predicts that a vowel inventory may be reduced to one in some contexts by deletion and then insertion. The failure of this prediction is illustrated from Yokuts, Chukchee and Lardil. A synthesis of derivational and optimality phonology is then presented in which
One-Level Prosodic Morphology
, 1999
"... Recent developments in theoretical linguistics have lead to a widespread acceptance of constraint-based analyses of prosodic morphology phenomena such as truncation, infixation, floating morphemes and reduplication. Of these, reduplication is particularly challenging for state-of-the-art computation ..."
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Recent developments in theoretical linguistics have lead to a widespread acceptance of constraint-based analyses of prosodic morphology phenomena such as truncation, infixation, floating morphemes and reduplication. Of these, reduplication is particularly challenging for state-of-the-art computational morphology, since it involves copying of some part of a phonological string. In this paper I argue for certain extensions to the one-level model of phonology and morphology (Bird & Ellison 1994) to cover the computational aspects of prosodic morphology using finite-state methods. In a nutshell, enriched lexical representations provide additional automaton arcs to repeat or skip sounds and also to allow insertion of additional material. A kind of resource consciousness is introduced to control this additional freedom, distinguishing between producer and consumer arcs. The non-finite-state copying aspect of reduplication is mapped to automata intersection, itself a non-finite-state operation. Bounded local optimization prunes certain automaton arcs that fail to contribute to linguistic optimisation
Optimal morphology
- Proc. of the /tth, ACL SIGPIION Workshop
, 1998
"... Optimal morphology (OM) is a finite state formalism that unifies concepts from Optimality Theory (OT, Prince & Smolensky, 1993) and Declarative Phonology (DP, Scobbie, Coleman ..."
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Optimal morphology (OM) is a finite state formalism that unifies concepts from Optimality Theory (OT, Prince & Smolensky, 1993) and Declarative Phonology (DP, Scobbie, Coleman
THE ARCHITECTURE OF GRAMMAR IN ARTIFICIAL GRAMMAR LEARNING: FORMAL BIASES IN THE ACQUISITION OF MORPHOPHONOLOGY AND THE NATURE OF THE LEARNING TASK
, 2009
"... ..."
Generative phonology and its evolution
"... 2. The philosophical foundations of generative grammar.......................................................... 3 ..."
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2. The philosophical foundations of generative grammar.......................................................... 3
www.elsevier.com/locate/lingua The Dutch diminutive
, 2007
"... In this paper a new analysis is presented of the allomorphy of the Dutch diminutive suffix. There is one long allomorph (-etje) and four short allomorphs (-tje,-pje,-kje and-je). With respect to the choice between the long and short versions, this article compares two types of analyses, which appeal ..."
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In this paper a new analysis is presented of the allomorphy of the Dutch diminutive suffix. There is one long allomorph (-etje) and four short allomorphs (-tje,-pje,-kje and-je). With respect to the choice between the long and short versions, this article compares two types of analyses, which appeal to the structural organisation of the stem (rather than to the segmental properties of the stem). In the first type, the allomorphy is accounted for with reference to the foot structure of the stem, while in the second the allomorphy is accounted for with reference to the syllabic structure of the stem (specifically the final rhyme). The two types of analyses are developed in order to account for all relevant data and it is decided that the syllabic analysis must be chosen if is assumed that the tense (allegedly ‘long’) vowels are structurally short, an assumption that is supported by their behaviour with respect to stress (for which purpose they count as light). The article then offers a non-derivational account of the choice between all forms of the suffix, including the short forms.
Review Gussmann 2007
"... 1.1. Poland, Polish and phonological theory Polish is a phonological language, and Poland is a phonological country. Polish is particularly phonological because of the quite extraordinary patterns that it is made of (even among Slavic languages). Poland is remarkably phonological in the sense that u ..."
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1.1. Poland, Polish and phonological theory Polish is a phonological language, and Poland is a phonological country. Polish is particularly phonological because of the quite extraordinary patterns that it is made of (even among Slavic languages). Poland is remarkably phonological in the sense that unlike anywhere else, there
3.4 Derivations*
"... Two intimately related concepts in linguistics are level and derivation. Generative phonology rec-ognizes a minimum of two levels of representation, generally known as the underlying and surface levels. The derivation is the mapping from underlying to surface representation. So far there is noth-ing ..."
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Two intimately related concepts in linguistics are level and derivation. Generative phonology rec-ognizes a minimum of two levels of representation, generally known as the underlying and surface levels. The derivation is the mapping from underlying to surface representation. So far there is noth-ing uniquely generative about this conception. Levels and mappings between levels are known from structuralism, so it is important to understand how structuralist and generative notions of language differ in order to get an adequate grasp of both of these concepts. At its broadest, the level in structuralist analysis refers to a way of describing a linguistic ex-pression from a particular point of view. A sentence like the Celts wore kilts, for example, can be