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166
Marital conflict and children’s adjustment: A cognitive–contextual framework
- Psychological Bulletin
, 1990
"... Marital problems have been related to numerous indexes of maladjustment i children. Although several parameters of this association have been identified, the process by which exposure to interparental conflict gives rise to adjustment problems in children is largely unexplored. Research on the link ..."
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Cited by 135 (9 self)
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Marital problems have been related to numerous indexes of maladjustment i children. Although several parameters of this association have been identified, the process by which exposure to interparental conflict gives rise to adjustment problems in children is largely unexplored. Research on the link between marital conflict and child maladjustment therefore iscritically evaluated, and a framework ispresented that organizes existing studies and suggests directions for future research on processes that may account for the association. According to the framework, the impact of marital conflict is mediated by children's understanding of the conflict, which is shaped by contex-tual, cognitive, and developmental f ctors. The implications of the framework for children's adjust-ment are discussed. Marital discord has been associated with a number of in-dexes of maladjustment i children, including aggression, con-duct disorders, and anxiety (Emery, 1982, 1988). Research on the effect of divorce on children similarly indicates that the conflict associated with divorce, rather than the breakup of the family, is primarily responsible for many of the problems een
Goal and self-evaluative influences during children's cognitive skill learning
- American Educational Research Journal
, 1996
"... Two studies investigated how goals and self-evaluation affect motivation and achievement outcomes. In both studies, fourth-grade students received in-struction and practice on fractions over sessions. Students worked under conditions involving either a goal of learning how to solve problems (learnin ..."
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Cited by 79 (3 self)
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Two studies investigated how goals and self-evaluation affect motivation and achievement outcomes. In both studies, fourth-grade students received in-struction and practice on fractions over sessions. Students worked under conditions involving either a goal of learning how to solve problems (learning goal) or a goal of merely solving them (performance goal). In Study 1, half of the students in each goal condition evaluated their problem-solving capa-bilities. The learning goal with or without self-evaluation and the perfor-mance goal with self-evaluation led to higher self-efficacy, skill, motivation, and task orientation than did the performance goal without self-evaluation. In Study 2, all students in each goal condition evaluated their progress in skill acquisition. The learning goal led to higher motivation and achievement outcomes than did the performance goal. Research suggestions and implica-tions for educational practice are discussed. DALE H. SCHUNK is a Professor and Head of the Department of Educational
A Review of the Relationship among Parenting Practices, Parenting Styles, and Adolescent School Achievement
- Educational Psychology Review
, 2005
"... This article reviews the literature on the relationship among parenting prac-tices, parenting styles, and adolescent school achievement. The review of the empirical research indicates that parental involvement andmonitoring are ro-bust predictors of adolescent achievement. Several studies, however, ..."
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Cited by 47 (1 self)
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This article reviews the literature on the relationship among parenting prac-tices, parenting styles, and adolescent school achievement. The review of the empirical research indicates that parental involvement andmonitoring are ro-bust predictors of adolescent achievement. Several studies, however, indicate that parental involvement declines in adolescence, prompting the call for fu-ture research on the reasons for and associated consequences of this decline. Furthermore, the review indicates that authoritative parenting styles are often associated with higher levels of student achievement, although these findings are not consistent across culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Darling and Steinberg’s contextual model of parenting provides a promising model to help resolve these discrepancies, however, further research is needed to exam-ine the major linkages of the model. It is also argued that the contextual model should expand its notion of context towards the larger cultural and economic context in which families reside. KEY WORDS: parenting styles; parenting practices; adolescence; socioeconomic status; academic achievement. Theories about how parental values, goals, skills, and attitudes are passed from one generation to the next have been debated by philoso-phers since the seventeenth century. For example, in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke (1689) posited that children were born with a “tabula rasa ” or a blank slate by which parents and society could easily transmit their values and beliefs to their children. In contrast, Jean
From homogenization to pluralism: International management research in the academy and beyond
, 2007
"... Evidence abounds that globalization has been one of the most significant and rapid changes in recent decades. A crude measure of economic glob-alization is that aggregate world exports as a per-centage of world gross domestic product (GDP) in-creased from 11.6 percent in 1970 to 30.7 percent in 2006 ..."
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Cited by 35 (2 self)
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Evidence abounds that globalization has been one of the most significant and rapid changes in recent decades. A crude measure of economic glob-alization is that aggregate world exports as a per-centage of world gross domestic product (GDP) in-creased from 11.6 percent in 1970 to 30.7 percent in 2006 (United Nations, 2007). Given the continuing growth of many emerging economies, along with increases in both their inflow and outflow of for-eign direct investments, it is unlikely that there will be a slowdown or reversal of this globalization trend in the near future. A direct implication of globalization is that international management re-search is not only desirable but also critical to generate knowledge on the management of firms
Sweet Talk”: text messaging support for intensive insulin therapy for young people with diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2003;5:991–996
"... Optimal diabetes management involves considerable behavioural modification, while non-adherence contributes significantly to poor glycaemia. Extensive research on psychological interventions aiming to improve glycaemia suggests that current strategies are costly and time-consuming and in our experie ..."
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Cited by 22 (1 self)
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Optimal diabetes management involves considerable behavioural modification, while non-adherence contributes significantly to poor glycaemia. Extensive research on psychological interventions aiming to improve glycaemia suggests that current strategies are costly and time-consuming and in our experience do not appeal to young people with Type 1 diabetes. Text messaging has rapidly become a socially popular form of communication. It is personal, highly transportable, and widely used, particularly in the adolescent population. However, text mes-saging coupled with specific behavioural health strategies has yet to be utilised effectively. We have developed a novel support network (“Sweet Talk”), based on a unique text-mes-saging system designed to deliver individually targeted messages and general diabetes in-formation. Individualised motivation strategies—based on social cognition theory, the health belief model, and goal setting—form the theoretical basis of the message content. Intensify-ing insulin therapy and increasing contact with the diabetes team can improve control, but are difficult to provide within existing resources. Our support system offers a means of con-tact and support between clinic visits and aims to increase adherence with intensive insulin regimens and to improve clinical outcome. 991
Rapid climate change and society: assessing responses and thresholds
- Risk Anal
"... Assessing the social risks associated with climate change requires an understanding of how hu-mans will respond because it affects how well societies will adapt. In the case of rapid or danger-ous climate change, of particular interest is the potential for these responses to cross thresholds beyond ..."
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Cited by 16 (1 self)
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Assessing the social risks associated with climate change requires an understanding of how hu-mans will respond because it affects how well societies will adapt. In the case of rapid or danger-ous climate change, of particular interest is the potential for these responses to cross thresholds beyond which they become maladaptive. To explore the possibility of such thresholds, a series of climate change scenarios were presented to U.K. participants whose subjective responses were recorded via interviews and surveyed using Q methodology. The results indicate an ini-tially adaptive response to climate warming followed by a shift to maladaptation as the magni-tude of change increases. Beyond this threshold, trust in collective action and institutions was diminished, negatively impacting adaptive capacity. Climate cooling invoked a qualitatively different response, although this may be a product of individuals being primed for warming because it has dominated public discourse. The climate change scenarios used in this research are severe by climatological standards. In reality, the observed responses might occur at a lower rate of change. Whatever the case, analysis of subjectivity has revealed potential for maladap-tive human responses, constituting a dangerous or rapid climate threshold within the social sphere. KEY WORDS: Climate change; perceptions; rapid; social response; subjectivity; thresholds 1.
Information Privacy in a Globally Networked Society
- Implications for IS Research”, Communications of the Association for Information Systems
, 2005
"... This paper presents an extended discussion of issues associated with the role of information privacy in IS research. This discussion was initiated in conjunction with a panel session at ICIS 2002. Following the conference, each of the panelists reworked and extended their position statements, and pr ..."
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Cited by 9 (1 self)
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This paper presents an extended discussion of issues associated with the role of information privacy in IS research. This discussion was initiated in conjunction with a panel session at ICIS 2002. Following the conference, each of the panelists reworked and extended their position statements, and provided a commentary on the position statements of the other panelists. The paper is framed with head and tail pieces written by the panel chair. The result is a (unique and provocative) blend of opinion and commentary on a topic that is of importance to IS research in the globally networked society in which we all live. IS researchers will find research questions, research conundrums, and research advice in equal measure.
The Case for Inductive Theory Building†
"... This article argues that theory building in the social sciences, management and psychology included, should be inductive. It begins by critiquing contemporary philosophy of science, for example, Popper’s falsifiability theory, his stress on deduction, and the hypothetico–deductive method. Next, the ..."
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Cited by 9 (0 self)
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This article argues that theory building in the social sciences, management and psychology included, should be inductive. It begins by critiquing contemporary philosophy of science, for example, Popper’s falsifiability theory, his stress on deduction, and the hypothetico–deductive method. Next, the author presents some history on the concept of induction in philosophy and of inductive theory building in the hard sciences (e.g., Aristotle, Bacon, Newton). This is followed by three examples of successful theory building by induction in psychology and management (Beck’s theory, Bandura’s social–cognitive theory, goal setting theory). The article concludes with some suggested guidelines for successful theory building through induction and some new policies that journal editors might encourage.
The Female Sexual Subjectivity Inventory: Development and validation of a multidimensional inventory for late adolescents and emerging adults. Psychology ofWomen Quarterly
, 2005
"... Three studies were conducted to develop and validate a theoretically derived multidimensional inventory of females’ sexual self-conceptions (sexual subjectivity). Study 1 revealed five factors on the Female Sexual Subjectivity Inventory (FSSI): sexual body-esteem, three factors of conceptions and ex ..."
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Cited by 7 (0 self)
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Three studies were conducted to develop and validate a theoretically derived multidimensional inventory of females’ sexual self-conceptions (sexual subjectivity). Study 1 revealed five factors on the Female Sexual Subjectivity Inventory (FSSI): sexual body-esteem, three factors of conceptions and expectations of sexual desire and pleasure (self, partner, and self-efficacy), and sexual self-reflection. A shorter revised version of the FSSI was tested in Study 2. In Study 3, a confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit to the data. The FSSI had a sound factorial structure and high reliability. Significant associations between the five scales in the FSSI and sexual self-awareness, safe sex self-efficacy, and sexual anxiety provided evidence of validity. Some FSSI scales were also associated with self-silencing in close relationships, resistance to sexual double standards, and self-esteem. Sexual subjectivity is a complex intraindividual phenomenon that includes cognitive and emotional components, some of which can be assessed with the FSSI scales. Sexuality is an integral part of health and well-being. Sex-uality is also a multifaceted and complex phenomenon that includes sexual self-perceptions. These sexual self-perceptions follow from and are embedded in socially constructed relationships and lived experiences (Tolman, Striepe, & Harmon, 2003). Sexuality most likely devel-ops throughout the lifespan. During adolescence, however, many individual and social factors coalesce to make this time in the life cycle the moment when the foundations for sexuality are incorporated into an individual’s sense of self
Relationship between exposure to rap music videos and attitudes toward relationships among African American youth
- Journal of Black Psychology
, 2008
"... The purpose of the study is to (a) predict adversarial attitudes toward male-female relationships and (b) explore the relationships between traditional agents of socialization and personal acceptance of negative images in rap videos by African American adolescents. Participants completed psychosocia ..."
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Cited by 5 (0 self)
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The purpose of the study is to (a) predict adversarial attitudes toward male-female relationships and (b) explore the relationships between traditional agents of socialization and personal acceptance of negative images in rap videos by African American adolescents. Participants completed psychosocial measures, viewed videos, and completed surveys about the videos. Higher lev-els of adversarial attitudes toward male-female relationships and exposure to rap videos were associated with acceptance of negative images of women in the videos. Participants who reported watching rap videos because their friends watched them held less adversarial attitudes toward male-female relationships than did those who reported watching because they were fun to watch or to find out the latest trends. Furthermore, higher levels of spiritual or religious coping and higher socioeconomic status were associated with rejection of negative images of women in rap videos. Last, higher levels of spiritual or religious cop-ing were associated with the rejection of negative images of men and male-female interactions in rap videos. Implications for clinicians and parents are outlined, and recommendations for future research are provided.
