Results 1 - 10
of
68
Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review
- Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice
, 2003
"... Interventions based on training in mindfulness skills are becoming increasingly popular. Mindfulness involves intentionally bringing one’s attention to the internal and external experiences occurring in the present moment, and is often taught through a variety of meditation exercises. This review su ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 332 (5 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Interventions based on training in mindfulness skills are becoming increasingly popular. Mindfulness involves intentionally bringing one’s attention to the internal and external experiences occurring in the present moment, and is often taught through a variety of meditation exercises. This review summarizes conceptual approaches to mindfulness and empirical research on the utility of mindfulnessbased interventions. Meta-analytic techniques were incorporated to facilitate quantification of findings and comparison across studies. Although the current empirical literature includes many methodological flaws, findings suggest that mindfulness-based interventions may be helpful in the treatment of several disorders. Methodologically sound investigations are recommended in order to clarify the utility of these interventions.
Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
, 2000
"... This study evaluated mindfuiness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), a group intervention designed to train recovered recurrently depressed patients to disengage from dysphoria-activated d pressogenic thinking that may mediate relapse/recurrence. Recovered recurrently depressed patients (n = 145) were r ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 190 (11 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
This study evaluated mindfuiness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), a group intervention designed to train recovered recurrently depressed patients to disengage from dysphoria-activated d pressogenic thinking that may mediate relapse/recurrence. Recovered recurrently depressed patients (n = 145) were randomized to continue with treatment asusual or, in addition, to receive MBCT. Relapse/recurrence to major depression was assessed over a 60-week study period. For patients with 3 or more previous episodes of depression (77 % of the sample), MBCT significantly reduced risk of relapse/recurrence. For patients with only 2 previous episodes, MBCT did not reduce relapse/recurrence. MBCT offers a promising cost-efficient psychological approach to preventing relapse/recurrence i r covered recurrently depressed patients. Relapse and recurrence following successful treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and often carries massive
Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition
- Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice
, 2004
"... There has been substantial interest in mindfulness as an approach to reduce cognitive vulnerability to stress and emotional distress in recent years. However, thus far mindfulness has not been defined operationally. This paper describes the results of recent meetings held to establish a consensus on ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 104 (4 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
There has been substantial interest in mindfulness as an approach to reduce cognitive vulnerability to stress and emotional distress in recent years. However, thus far mindfulness has not been defined operationally. This paper describes the results of recent meetings held to establish a consensus on mindfulness and to develop conjointly a testable operational definition. We propose a two-component model of mindfulness and specify each component in terms of specific behaviors, experiential manifestations, and implicated psychological processes. We then address issues regarding temporal stability and situational specificity and speculate on the conceptual and operational distinctiveness of mindfulness. We conclude this paper by discussing implications for instrument development and briefly describing our own approach to measurement.
An empirical study of the mechanisms of mindfulness in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program
- Journal of Clinical Psychology
, 2009
"... S. L. Shapiro and colleagues (2006) have described a testable theory of the mechanisms of mindfulness and how it affects positive change. They describe a model in which mindfulness training leads to a fundamental change in relationship to experience (reperceiving), which leads to changes in self-reg ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 30 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
S. L. Shapiro and colleagues (2006) have described a testable theory of the mechanisms of mindfulness and how it affects positive change. They describe a model in which mindfulness training leads to a fundamental change in relationship to experience (reperceiving), which leads to changes in self-regulation, values clarification, cognitive and behavioral flexibility, and exposure. These four variables, in turn, result in salutogenic outcomes. Analyses of responses from parti-cipants in a mindfulness-based stress-reduction program did not support the mediating effect of changes in reperceiving on the relationship of mindfulness with those four variables. However, when mindfulness and reperceiving scores were combined, partial support was found for the mediating effect of the four variables on measures of psychological distress. Issues arising in attempts to test the proposed theory are discussed, including the description of the model variables and the challenges to their assessment. & 2009 Wiley
Further psychometric validation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). J Psychopathol Behav Assess
"... Abstract Mindfulness is an increasingly prominent construct in health research but its study has been impeded by a lack of well-validated measures. The Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown and Ryan, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84:822-848, 2003) is a promising measure ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 28 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Abstract Mindfulness is an increasingly prominent construct in health research but its study has been impeded by a lack of well-validated measures. The Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown and Ryan, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84:822-848, 2003) is a promising measure and the goal of the present study was to further validate the MAAS in a large university sample (n= 711). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensional factor structure of the MAAS in the overall sample. No gender differences in MAAS performance were evident, but the factor structure was not confirmed in the subsample of men, apparently due to power limitations. No categorical differences were evident based on experience with meditation, and MAAS performance was not significantly associated with experience with meditation. These findings are interpreted as broadly supporting the MAAS as a valid measure of mindfulness, but suggesting that novice-level experience with meditation should not be presumed to be associated with greater mindfulness.
Mindfulness: A promising intervention strategy in need of further study
- Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
, 2003
"... Baer (2003; this issue) has provided a thoughtful concep-tual and empirical review of mindfulness-based clinical interventions, emphasizing the need for further research. In this commentary we elaborate on some of the areas needing further study. The promising initial data suggest a need for basic e ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 17 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
Baer (2003; this issue) has provided a thoughtful concep-tual and empirical review of mindfulness-based clinical interventions, emphasizing the need for further research. In this commentary we elaborate on some of the areas needing further study. The promising initial data suggest a need for basic experimental and treatment outcome research in order to determine active ingredients and mechanisms of action in mindfulness-based interven-tions. In addition, questions remain regarding the opti-mal mode of delivery of this treatment, as well as how to integrate the nonstriving aspect of mindfulness into clin-ical intervention.
Does mindfulness meditation contribute to health? Outcome evaluation of a German sample
- Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
, 2002
"... Objectives: This exploratory study is the first systematic outcome evaluation to examine the effects of an 8-week meditation-based program in mindfulness in a German sample. Design: Twenty-one (21) participants with chronic physical, psychologic, or psychosomatic illnesses were examined in a longitu ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 16 (3 self)
- Add to MetaCart
Objectives: This exploratory study is the first systematic outcome evaluation to examine the effects of an 8-week meditation-based program in mindfulness in a German sample. Design: Twenty-one (21) participants with chronic physical, psychologic, or psychosomatic illnesses were examined in a longitudinal pretest and post-treatment design with a 3-month fol-low-up. Outcome measures: Both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered. Emotional and gen-eral physical well-being, sense of coherence, overall psychologic distress, and satisfaction with life were measured with standardized instruments. Results: Overall, the interventions led to high levels of adherence to the meditation practice and satisfaction with the benefits of the course, as well as effective and lasting reductions of symptoms (especially in psychologic distress, well-being, and quality of life). Changes were of moderate-to-large effect sizes. Positive complementary effects with psychotherapy were also found. Conclusions: These findings warrant controlled studies to evaluate the efficacy and cost ef-fectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction as an intervention for chronic physical and psychosomatic disorders in Germany. 719
Differential effects on pain intensity and unpleasantness of two meditation practices
- Emotion
, 2010
"... Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that can be regulated by many different cognitive mechanisms. We compared the regulatory qualities of two different meditation practices during noxious thermal stimuli: Focused Attention, directed at a fixation cross away from the stimulation, w ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 15 (2 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that can be regulated by many different cognitive mechanisms. We compared the regulatory qualities of two different meditation practices during noxious thermal stimuli: Focused Attention, directed at a fixation cross away from the stimulation, which could regulate negative affect through a sensory gating mechanism; and Open Monitoring, which could regulate negative affect through a mechanism of nonjudgmental, nonreactive awareness of sensory experience. Here, we report behavioral data from a comparison between novice and long-term meditation practitioners (long-term meditators, LTMs) using these techniques. LTMs, compared to novices, had a significant reduction of self-reported unpleasantness, but not intensity, of painful stimuli while practicing Open Monitoring. No significant effects were found for FA. This finding illuminates the possible regulatory mechanism of meditation-based clinical interventions like Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Implications are discussed in the broader context of training-induced changes in trait emotion regulation.
Child psychology
, 1952
"... Completion of this dissertation, and indeed my entire postgraduate education, would not have been possible without the help of many people. I thank Dr. Stephen Cook for his endless patience, boundless support, and careful attention to my work. I am grateful to Dr. Jim Clopton for his open door, wise ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 10 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
Completion of this dissertation, and indeed my entire postgraduate education, would not have been possible without the help of many people. I thank Dr. Stephen Cook for his endless patience, boundless support, and careful attention to my work. I am grateful to Dr. Jim Clopton for his open door, wise counsel, and generous assistance with every concern I brought to him. I thank Dr. Florence Phillips for instilling within me a love for my profession and an understanding of what it means to be a recipient of 'Hmconditional positive regard. " I would also like to thank the staff and feculty of the Texas Tech University Psychology Department for the consistently high quaUty of their instruction. My gratitude extends to Kami Leonard and Veronika Polisenska for the long hours and late nights they spent assisting me in collecting data for this project. I thank my parents, Gary and Nanetta Thompson, for their support, encouragement, and love. I know it has been a long "row to hoe, " but I have reached the end. Finally, I extend my endless love and gratitude to my husband, Jude Stanley, for his patience and love. My accomplishment is also yours.
A preliminary study of long term meditators: Goals, effects, religious orientation, cognitions
- Journal of Transpersonal Psychology
, 1992
"... Depending upon the psychotherapist's orientation and the client's goals, meditation has beenused as a clinical intervention for self-regulation, self-exploration, and/or self-liberation. Most of medita-tion research to date, examining its self-regulation and self-explo-ration effects, has ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 8 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
Depending upon the psychotherapist's orientation and the client's goals, meditation has beenused as a clinical intervention for self-regulation, self-exploration, and/or self-liberation. Most of medita-tion research to date, examining its self-regulation and self-explo-ration effects, has been based on an examination of short-term meditators (six to eight weeks, twenty to forty minutes a day). However, recently, there has been a call to examine longer term meditators as one way to assess more carefully whether some of the primary and original goals of meditation-self-liberation and com-passionate service-were being attained (Shapiro & Walsh, 1984;
