Despite the growing interest in pheromone-based interaction to enforce adaptive and context-aware coordination, the number of deployed systems exploiting digital pheromones to coordinate the activities of situated autonomous agents is still very limited. In this article, we present a simple low-cost and general-purpose implementation of a pheromone-based interaction mechanism for pervasive environments. This is realized by making use of RFID tags to store digital pheromones and by having humans or robots spread/sense pheromones by properly writing/reading RFID tags populating the surrounding physical environment. We exemplify and evaluate the effectiveness of our approach via an application for object-tracking. This application allows robots and humans to find forgotten-somewhere objects by following pheromones trails associated with them. In addition, we sketch further potential applications of our approach in pervasive computing scenarios, discuss related work in the area, and identify future research directions.

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With the increased popularity of RFID applications, different authentication schemes have been proposed to provide security and privacy protection for users. Most recent RFID protocols use a central database to store the RFID tag data. The RFID reader first queries the RFID tag and returns the reply to the database. After authentication, the database returns the tag data to the reader. In this paper, we propose a more flexible authentication protocol that provides comparable protection without the need for a central database. We also suggest a protocol for secure search for RFID tags. We believe that as RFID applications become widespread, the ability to securely search for RFID tags will be increasingly useful.

Radio-frequency identification technology provides promising benefits such as inventory visibility and business process automation. However, if companies are to realize these benefits, researchers must address major challenges such as data processing, integration architecture design, security, and privacy. The ability to uniquely identify individual objects is essential to many aspects of modern life such as manufacturing, distribution logistics, access control, and fighting terrorism. Radio-frequency identification is a wireless communication technology that is useful for precisely identifying objects. 1 RFID uses radio-frequency waves to transfer identifying information between tagged objects and readers without line of sight (LOS), providing a means of automatic identification. Although RFID has been around for more than half a century, 2 it began to attract a lot of attention only in recent years due to the convergence of lower cost and the increased capabilities of RFID tags. Currently, RFID is emerging as an important technology for revolutionizing a wide range of applications, including supply-chain management, retail sales, anticounterfeiting, and healthcare. 1,3 Many organizations are planning to or have already exploited RFID to achieve more automation, efficient business processes, and inventory visibility. For example, Wal-Mart reportedly reduced outof-stocks by 30 percent on average after launching its RFID program

Abstract. There has been considerable interest recently on developing a system to track items like pharmaceutical drugs or food products. Such a system can help prevent counterfeits, aid product recall, and improve general logistics. In this paper, we present such system based on radio frequency identity (RFID) technology. Our solution provides the means of storing the entire movement of the item from original manufacturer to final consumer on the RFID tag itself, and also makes it more difficult to introduce large numbers of counterfeits. The solution also allows the end user to easily verify the authenticity of the item. 1

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Basically used for contactless identification, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology was originally thought as a complement for the drawbacks of the Barcode. Due to its capabilities and on-going drop in cost, researchers have started to look into other areas where RFID can be employed. One such area of research is Real-Time Location Tracking (RTLT), especially for indoor environments. While technologies such as Ultra-Sound, Infrared, WiFi, Bluetooth and GSM have been considered for indoor localisation, their requirements for line of sight and/or prohibitive cost have hindered their successful adoption. We are therefore presenting a lowcost solution using RFID technology which we refer to as the ‘Overlapping Zone Partitioning ’ (OZP) technique that can be implemented using basic off-the-shelf RFID Readers and which has been derived from the zonebased localisation technique. We have successfully implemented OZP and evaluated its performance. It has been found that its accuracy is enhanced by nearly 40 % in comparison to a normal zone-based localisation system. Its performance in terms of correct zone classification is within the range of 80-90%.

This paper is available online at www.jtaer.com DOI: 10.4067/S0718-18762009000300002 Read / Write Performance for low memory passive HF RFID tag-reader system

Abstract The emergence of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology brings significant social and economic benefits. As a non line of sight technology, RFID provides an effective way to record movements of objects within a networked RFID system formed by a set of distributed and collaborating parties. A trail of such recorded movements is the foundation for enabling traceability applications. While traceability is a critical aspect of majority of RFID applications, realizing traceability for these applications brings many fundamental research and development issues. In this paper, we assess the requirements for developing traceability applications that use networked RFID technology at their core. We propose a set of criteria for analyzing and comparing the current existing techniques including system architectures and data models. We also outline some research opportunities in the design and development of traceability applications. Keywords RFID · Traceability · Networked RFID · Internet-of-Things · Data model · Traceability queries