Citation Context

...p://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/Downloaded fromsual’s survival and reproduction. This symmetry is broken when organisms interact with kin to whom they are unequally related via their mother and father (=-=Haig 1997-=-; Úbeda and Gardner 2010). Adaptive responses to such asymmetries of relatedness can favor gene expression that is conditional on parental origin. “Imprinted” expression can cause matrigenes and patr...

Citation Context

...ay eggs.(17,18) With viviparity, conflict can arise between mothers and developing embryos, between sibling embryos within the womb and between maternal and paternal genomes within individual embryos.=-=(19,20)-=- Viviparity can provide a direct conduit for manipulation of the mother's physiological system by genes expressed in the embryo. The evolutionary interests of embryonic genes are likely to conflict wi...

Citation Context

...enomic imprinting, genes possess informationsabout their parental origin and can employ conditional strategies that do one thing when maternallysderived and a different thing when paternallysderived (=-=Haig 1997-=-). The simple strategy describedsby inequality (12.3) may be evolutionarily unstablesgenes that exhibit perturbations of social communication among individuals. The remaining sections focus on communi...

Citation Context

...es have conflicting interests over the level of gene expression. At evolutionary equilibrium, whichever allele favors the higher amount produces that amount (the ‘‘loudest-voice-prevails’’ principle; =-=Haig, 1997-=-a). Stalemates can result if different genes have dictatorial power over different aspects of a decision-making process. Wilkins and Haig (2001) provide an example of this process in a two-locus model...

Citation Context

...xed broods, it may be possible for imprinting of paternal competitive behavior genes (which are unconstrained by the survival of the mother) to increase offspring begging beyond the maternal optimum (=-=Haig, 1997-=-). The ability to manipulate the number of sires per clutch, then, may be used as a “tool” by mothers to reduce levels of offspring begging for increased maternal provisioning. An interesting comparis...

Citation Context

...ese clusters (Buiting et al. 1995; Dittrich et al. 1996; Fornë et al. 1997; Webber et al. 1998). Previous explanations for clustering have posited a lack of genetic variation for becoming imprinted (=-=Haig 1997-=-) or an imprinting process that is costly (Mochizuki et al. 1996). Fourth, Moore & Reik (1996) have suggested that such con£icts could account for the complex pattern of deand remethylation observed a...

Citation Context

...ntsgenes in the same individual’s genome) derives from the special characteristics ofsimprinted genes, and its evolutionary implications are spelled out in the ―kinshipstheory‖ of genomic imprinting (=-=Haig, 1997-=-, 2004; Wilkins & Haig, 2003).sThe Kinship Theory of ImprintingsA gene is said to be imprinted if its expression depends on its parent of origin,si.e., on whether it was contained in an ovum or a sper...

Citation Context

...he acquisition of imprinted expression by alleles at a previously unimprinted locus (Ubeda and Wilkins 2008). In mammalian reproduction, where the mother is predominantly responsible for providing resources to the offspring pre- and perinatally, paternally derived alleles favor a higher growth rate (and greater demand on maternal resources) than do maternally derived alleles. As a consequence, at loci where increased expression results in increased growth, imprinted loci become maternally silenced, whereas paternal silencing evolves at loci that act to suppress growth (Mochizuki et al. 1996; Haig 1997; Wilkins and Haig 2001; Mills and Moore 2004). While most imprinted genes modulate fetal growth, many of these genes are also associated with aspects of phenotype that emerge later in development (Tycko and Morrison 2002). In these cases, the fact of imprinted gene expression has important consequences for the selective forces that act on the expression of alleles and on the function of their products. If, for example, an allele 1 4 2 C© 2009 The Author(s). Journal compilation C© 2009 The Society for the Study of Evolution. Evolution 64-1: 142–151 ANTAGONISTIC COEVOLUTION OF TWO IMPRINTED LOC...