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SketchPad: a man-machine graphical communication system (1964)

by I SUTHERLAND
Venue:In Proc. AFIPS
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Constraint Logic Programming: A Survey

by Joxan Jaffar, Michael J. Maher
"... Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) is a merger of two declarative paradigms: constraint solving and logic programming. Although a relatively new field, CLP has progressed in several quite different directions. In particular, the early fundamental concepts have been adapted to better serve in differe ..."
Abstract - Cited by 869 (25 self) - Add to MetaCart
Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) is a merger of two declarative paradigms: constraint solving and logic programming. Although a relatively new field, CLP has progressed in several quite different directions. In particular, the early fundamental concepts have been adapted to better serve in different areas of applications. In this survey of CLP, a primary goal is to give a systematic description of the major trends in terms of common fundamental concepts. The three main parts cover the theory, implementation issues, and programming for applications.

Pad++: A zooming graphical interface for exploring alternate interface physics

by Benjamin B. Bederson, James D. Hollun - In Proceedings of User Interface and Software Technology , 1994
"... information visualization, information physics. We describe the current status of Pad++, a zooming graphical interface that we are exploring as an alternative to tradhional window and icon-based approaches to interface design. We discuss the motivation for Pad++, describe the implementation, and pre ..."
Abstract - Cited by 442 (17 self) - Add to MetaCart
information visualization, information physics. We describe the current status of Pad++, a zooming graphical interface that we are exploring as an alternative to tradhional window and icon-based approaches to interface design. We discuss the motivation for Pad++, describe the implementation, and present prototype applications. In addition, we introduce an informational physics strategy for interface design and briefly compare it with metaphor-based design strategies.

Interactive Sketching for the Early Stages of User Interface Design

by James A. Landay , Brad A. Myers , 1995
"... Current interactive user interface construction tools are often more of a hindrance than a benefit during the early stages of user interface design. These tools take too much time to use and force designers to specify more of the design details than they wish at this early stage. Most interface desi ..."
Abstract - Cited by 266 (16 self) - Add to MetaCart
Current interactive user interface construction tools are often more of a hindrance than a benefit during the early stages of user interface design. These tools take too much time to use and force designers to specify more of the design details than they wish at this early stage. Most interface designers, especially those who have a background in graphic design, prefer to sketch early interface ideas on paper or on a whiteboard. We are developing an interactive tool called SILK that allows designers to quickly sketch an interface using an electronic pad and stylus. SILK preserves the important properties of pencil and paper: a rough drawing can be produced very quickly and the medium is very flexible. However, unlike a paper sketch, this electronic sketch is interactive and can easily be modified. In addition, our system allows designers to examine, annotate, and edit a complete history of the design. When the designer is satisfied with this early prototype, SILK can transform the sket...

The Ultimate Display

by Ivan E. Sutherland - Proceedings of the IFIP Congress , 1965
"... Office, ARPA, OSD We live in a physical world whose properties we have come to know well through long familiarity. We sense an involvement with this physical world which gives us the ability to predict its properties well. For example, we can predict where objects will fall, how well-known shapes lo ..."
Abstract - Cited by 232 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
Office, ARPA, OSD We live in a physical world whose properties we have come to know well through long familiarity. We sense an involvement with this physical world which gives us the ability to predict its properties well. For example, we can predict where objects will fall, how well-known shapes look from other angles, and how much force is required to push objects against friction. We lack corresponding familiarity with the forces on charged particles, forces in non-uniform fields, the effects of nonprojective geometric transformations, and high-inertia, low friction motion. A display connected to a digital computer gives us a chance to gain familiarity with concepts not realizable in the physical world. It is a looking glass into a mathematical wonderland. Computer displays today cover a variety of capabilities. Some have only the fundamental ability to plot dots. Displays being sold now generally have built in line-drawing capability. An ability to draw simple curves would be useful. Some available displays are able to plot very short line segments in arbitrary directions, to form characters or more complex curves. Each of these abilities has a history and a known utility. It is equally possible for a computer to construct a picture made up of colored areas. Knowlton's movie language, BEFLIX [1], is an excellent example of how computers can produce area-filling pictures. No display available commercially today has the ability to present such area-filling pictures for direct human use. It is likely that new display equipment will have area-filling capability. We have much to learn about how to make good use of this new ability. The most common direct computer input today is the typewriter keyboard. Typewriters are inexpensive, reliable, and produce easily transmitted
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...al displays can easily make solid objects transparent - he can "see through matter!" Concepts which never before had any visual representation can be shown, for example the "constraints" in Sketchpad =-=[2]-=-. By working with such displays of mathematical phenomena we can learn to know them as well as we know our own natural world. Such knowledge is the major promise of computer displays. The ultimate dis...

In Defense of the Eight-Point Algorithm

by Richard I. Hartley - IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence , 1997
"... Abstract—The fundamental matrix is a basic tool in the analysis of scenes taken with two uncalibrated cameras, and the eight-point algorithm is a frequently cited method for computing the fundamental matrix from a set of eight or more point matches. It has the advantage of simplicity of implementati ..."
Abstract - Cited by 208 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract—The fundamental matrix is a basic tool in the analysis of scenes taken with two uncalibrated cameras, and the eight-point algorithm is a frequently cited method for computing the fundamental matrix from a set of eight or more point matches. It has the advantage of simplicity of implementation. The prevailing view is, however, that it is extremely susceptible to noise and hence virtually useless for most purposes. This paper challenges that view, by showing that by preceding the algorithm with a very simple normalization (translation and scaling) of the coordinates of the matched points, results are obtained comparable with the best iterative algorithms. This improved performance is justified by theory and verified by extensive experiments on real images. Index Terms—Fundamental matrix, eight-point algorithm, condition number, epipolar structure, stereo vision.
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Citation Context

...entative of a general approach to improving the performance of linear algorithms. This same approach can be applied to many different linear algorithms, such as camera pose and calibration estimation =-=[22]-=-, projective reconstruction from lines [23], and reconstruction of point positions in space [24]. In this approach, the eight-point algorithm is run a first time. From this initial solution a set of w...

Constraint-directed search: a case study of job-shop scheduling

by Mark S. Fox , 1983
"... ..."
Abstract - Cited by 199 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract not found

Constraint Hierarchies

by Alan Borning, Bjorn Feldman-Benson, Molly Wilson - LISP AND SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION , 1992
"... Constraints allow programmers and users to state declaratively a relation that should be maintained, rather than requiring them to write procedures to maintain the relation themselves. They are thus useful in such applications as programming languages, user interface toolkits, and simulation package ..."
Abstract - Cited by 165 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
Constraints allow programmers and users to state declaratively a relation that should be maintained, rather than requiring them to write procedures to maintain the relation themselves. They are thus useful in such applications as programming languages, user interface toolkits, and simulation packages. In many situations, it is desirable to be able to state both required and preferential constraints. The required constraints must hold. Since the other constraints are merely preferences, the system should try to satisfy them if possible, but no error condition arises if it cannot. A constraint hierarchy consists of a set of constraints, each labeled as either required or preferred at some strength. An arbitrary number of different strengths is allowed. In the discussion of a theory of constraint hierarchies, we present alternate ways of selecting among competing possible solutions, and prove a number of propositions about the relations among these alternatives. We then outline algorit...

Pad++: A zoomable graphical sketchpad for exploring alternate interface physics

by Benjamin B. Bederson, James D. Hollan, Ken Perlin, Jonathan Meyer, David Bacon, George Furnas , 1996
"... user interface management system (UIMS). We describe Pad++, a zoomable graphical sketchpad that we are exploring as an alternative to traditional window and icon-based interfaces. We discuss the motivation for Pad++, describe the implementation, and present prototype applications. In addition, we in ..."
Abstract - Cited by 163 (34 self) - Add to MetaCart
user interface management system (UIMS). We describe Pad++, a zoomable graphical sketchpad that we are exploring as an alternative to traditional window and icon-based interfaces. We discuss the motivation for Pad++, describe the implementation, and present prototype applications. In addition, we introduce an informational physics strategy for interface design and briefly contrast it with current design strategies. We envision a rich world of dynamic persistent informational entities that operate according to multiple physics specifically designed to provide cognitively facile access and serve as the basis for design of new computationally-based work materials. 1 To appear in the Journal of Visual Languages and Computing.
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Citation Context

... to investigate. We are not the first to following a physics-inspired course in thinking about interface design. It derives, like most interesting interface ideas, from the seminal work of Sutherland =-=[32]-=- on Sketchpad. Simulations and constraint-based interfaces that led to the development of direct manipulation style interfaces are other examples of this general approach. They too derive from Sutherl...

In Defence of the 8-point Algorithm

by Richard I. Hartley
"... The fundamental matrix is a basic tool in the analysis of scenes taken with two uncalibrated cameras, and the 8-point algoritm is a frequent#e cit#3 met#9 d for comput#10 t he fundament al ma t# ix from a set of 8 or more point mat ches. It hast he advant age of simplicit y of implement at ion. The ..."
Abstract - Cited by 161 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
The fundamental matrix is a basic tool in the analysis of scenes taken with two uncalibrated cameras, and the 8-point algoritm is a frequent#e cit#3 met#9 d for comput#10 t he fundament al ma t# ix from a set of 8 or more point mat ches. It hast he advant age of simplicit y of implement at ion. The prevailing view is, however,t#(9 it isext#3791( suscept#-43 t o noise and hence virtually useless for most purposes. This paper challengest#en view, by showing t#ng by precedingt he algorit hm wit h a very simple normalizat ion(t ranslat ion and scaling) oft he coordinat es oft he mat ched point#( result# are obt# ined comparable wit# t he best it## at ive algorit#209 This improved performance is just#690 byt#1082 and verified byext#259( e experiment s on real images.

Graphical User Interface Programming

by Brad A. Myers , 2004
"... ..."
Abstract - Cited by 154 (10 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract not found
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