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113
Adaptation to environmental change: Contributions of a resilience framework.
- Annual Review of Environment and Resources
, 2007
"... Abstract Adaptation is a process of deliberate change in anticipation of or in reaction to external stimuli and stress. The dominant research tradition on adaptation to environmental change primarily takes an actorcentered view, focusing on the agency of social actors to respond to specific environ ..."
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Abstract Adaptation is a process of deliberate change in anticipation of or in reaction to external stimuli and stress. The dominant research tradition on adaptation to environmental change primarily takes an actorcentered view, focusing on the agency of social actors to respond to specific environmental stimuli and emphasizing the reduction of vulnerabilities. The resilience approach is systems orientated, takes a more dynamic view, and sees adaptive capacity as a core feature of resilient social-ecological systems. The two approaches converge in identifying necessary components of adaptation. We argue that resilience provides a useful framework to analyze adaptation processes and to identify appropriate policy responses. We distinguish between incremental adjustments and transformative action and demonstrate that the sources of resilience for taking adaptive action are common across scales. These are the inherent system characteristics that absorb perturbations without losing function, networks and social capital that allow autonomous action, and resources that promote institutional learning.
Evolution of co-management: role of knowledge generation, bridging organizations and social learning.
- Environmental Management
, 2008
"... a b s t r a c t Over a period of some 20 years, different aspects of co-management (the sharing of power and responsibility between the government and local resource users) have come to the forefront. The paper focuses on a selection of these: knowledge generation, bridging organizations, social le ..."
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a b s t r a c t Over a period of some 20 years, different aspects of co-management (the sharing of power and responsibility between the government and local resource users) have come to the forefront. The paper focuses on a selection of these: knowledge generation, bridging organizations, social learning, and the emergence of adaptive co-management. Co-management can be considered a knowledge partnership. Different levels of organization, from local to international, have comparative advantages in the generation and mobilization of knowledge acquired at different scales. Bridging organizations provide a forum for the interaction of these different kinds of knowledge, and the coordination of other tasks that enable co-operation: accessing resources, bringing together different actors, building trust, resolving conflict, and networking. Social learning is one of these tasks, essential both for the co-operation of partners and an outcome of the co-operation of partners. It occurs most efficiently through joint problem solving and reflection within learning networks. Through successive rounds of learning and problem solving, learning networks can incorporate new knowledge to deal with problems at increasingly larger scales, with the result that maturing co-management arrangements become adaptive co-management in time.
Linking knowledge and action for sustainable development.
- Annual Review of Environment and Resources
, 2006
"... I Abstract It is now commonplace to assert that actions toward sustainable development require a mix of scientific, economic, social and political knowledge, and judgments. The role of research-based knowledge in this complex setting is ambiguous and diverse, and it is undergoing rapid change both ..."
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I Abstract It is now commonplace to assert that actions toward sustainable development require a mix of scientific, economic, social and political knowledge, and judgments. The role of research-based knowledge in this complex setting is ambiguous and diverse, and it is undergoing rapid change both in theory and in practice. We review conventional views of the linkages between research-based knowledge and action, and the early response to concerns that these links could and should be improved, through efforts at translation and transfer. We then examine the range of critiques that challenge those conventional views by highlighting different aspects of the relationships between science and society, focusing on the implications for action toward sustainable development. We then review the theories and strategies that have emerged in the attempt to improve the linkages between research-based knowledge and action in the context of sustainability across four broad categories: participation, integration, learning, and negotiation. These form a hierarchy with respect to how deeply they engage with the various critiques. We propose that the relationships between research-based knowledge and action can be better understood as arenas of shared responsibility, embedded within larger systems of power and knowledge that evolve and change over time. The unique contribution of research-based knowledge needs to be understood in relation to actual or potential contributions from other forms of knowledge. We conclude with questions that may offer useful orientation to assessing or designing research-action arenas for sustainable development.
Powerless spectators, coping actors, and adaptive co-managers: A synthesis of the role of communities in ecosystem management
- Ecology and Society
, 2007
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Principles for sustainable governance of the coastal zone: in the context of coastal disasters
- Ecological Economics
, 2007
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Governing for a Healthy Population: Towards an Understanding of How Decision-Making Will Determine Our Global Health in a Changing Climate
, 2011
"... Abstract: Enhancing the adaptive capacity of individuals, communities, institutions and nations is pivotal to protecting and improving human health and well-being in the face of systemic social inequity plus dangerous climate change. However, research on the determinants of adaptive capacity in rela ..."
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Abstract: Enhancing the adaptive capacity of individuals, communities, institutions and nations is pivotal to protecting and improving human health and well-being in the face of systemic social inequity plus dangerous climate change. However, research on the determinants of adaptive capacity in relation to health, particularly concerning the role of governance, is in its infancy. This paper highlights the intersections between global health, climate change and governance. It presents an overview of these key concerns, their relation to each other, and the potential that a greater understanding of governance may present opportunities to strengthen policy and action responses to the health effects of climate change. Important parallels between addressing health inequities and sustainable development practices in the face of global environmental change are also highlighted. We propose that governance can be investigated through two key lenses within the earth system governance theoretical framework; agency and architecture. These two governanceInt. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9 56
Impact of climate change and environmental change on emerging and reemerging animal diseases and animal production. In: Compendium of technical items presented to the OIE World Assembly of Delegates or to OIE
- Regional Commissions
, 2009
"... Summary: Climate change and environmental change are a subset of the larger set of ecosystem changes that are promoting the emergence and re-emergence of animal diseases. The complexity of the interconnectedness between a wide range of factors influencing the emergence and re emergence of animal dis ..."
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Summary: Climate change and environmental change are a subset of the larger set of ecosystem changes that are promoting the emergence and re-emergence of animal diseases. The complexity of the interconnectedness between a wide range of factors influencing the emergence and re emergence of animal diseases means that uncertainty will continue to be a feature of the future. Central Veterinary Authorities responsible for disease preparedness and response thus need to develop systems and strategies that are adaptable, resilient and capable of dealing with the unexpected. They will need to focus on anticipating, preventing and responding to emerging and re-emerging animal diseases, irrespective of their cause. The responses to a recent questionnaire distributed to OIE Members revealed that most animal health officials are concerned by the impact of climate change and environmental change on emerging and re-emerging animal diseases. As expected, many Members identified a number of vector-borne diseases associated with climate change. Most Members indicated that the Central Veterinary Authority worked with other departments or agencies to address climate change and environmental change issues. Many OIE Members are not confident that veterinary institutions are effectively preparing professionals who are capable of understanding the impact of climate change and environmental change on
Social capital and community responses to natural resource management
- in the Luangwa
, 2010
"... ABSTRACT This study evaluated social capital in a Community Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) in the Luangwa Valley, eastern Zambia. It assessed the relationships between social capital and community responses and how this has transcended through multi-dimensional dynamics of the local com ..."
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ABSTRACT This study evaluated social capital in a Community Based Natural Resources Management (CBNRM) in the Luangwa Valley, eastern Zambia. It assessed the relationships between social capital and community responses and how this has transcended through multi-dimensional dynamics of the local community as influenced by emergent internal and external factors. Qualitative field data was collected from six traditional Chiefdoms using generic semi-structured questionnaire surveys, focus groups, and key informant interviews. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis was conducted to determine progression of the social capital from the six selected criteria parameters. We determined that weaknesses in local leadership, conditions for entrenched corruption, and losses in human capital were the key determinants of the change in growth of social capital. For furtherance of social capital, it was posited that additional capacity development through training and awareness creation was needed, institutions of power for natural resources management were to be re-aligned in recognisance of local traditional leadership, and power and authority were to be devolved beyond structural requirements to local communities. This study underpinned that social capital embroidery should form the backbone for the implementation of community-based natural resources management to provide a remedial solution to conservation challenges. Future studies are required to further investigate the relational role of innovations and indigenous knowledge in enhancing social capital.