Results 1 - 10
of
114
Effects of Four Computer-Mediated Communications Channels on Trust Development
- Proc. CHI 2002, ACM Press
, 2002
"... When virtual teams need to establish trust at a distance, it is advantageous for them to use rich media to communicate. We studied the emergence of trust in a social dilemma game in four different communication situations: face-to-face, video, audio, and text chat. All three of the richer conditions ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 95 (6 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
When virtual teams need to establish trust at a distance, it is advantageous for them to use rich media to communicate. We studied the emergence of trust in a social dilemma game in four different communication situations: face-to-face, video, audio, and text chat. All three of the richer conditions were significant improvements over text chat. Video and audio conferencing groups were nearly as good as face-toface, but both did show some evidence of what we term delayed trust (slower progress toward full cooperation) and fragile trust (vulnerability to opportunistic behavior).
What Do We Know about Proximity and Distance in Work Groups? A Legacy of Research
, 2002
"... similarities may be useful for some purposes (see Frost & King, 2001 [chapter 1]), but abstractions may present problems in actually accomplishing collaborative work. Second, the natural tendency to establish local territories may interfere with co-workers' identification with the larger co ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 88 (5 self)
- Add to MetaCart
similarities may be useful for some purposes (see Frost & King, 2001 [chapter 1]), but abstractions may present problems in actually accomplishing collaborative work. Second, the natural tendency to establish local territories may interfere with co-workers' identification with the larger collective, such as the distributed project group. Ambiguity of membership reduces group identity (Brown & Wade, 1987; see also Armstrong and Cole, 2001 [chapter 7]). Effects of Spontaneous Communication Distances between offices and work locations possibly have their highest impact on group functioning through their effect on informal, spontaneous communication opportunities (Brockner & Swap, 1976; Ebbesen, Kjos, & Konecni, 1976, Hays, 1985; Kraut & Streeter, 1995; Newcomb, 1981). That is, people who work in proximate offices run into one another at the water cooler, coffee machine, and copier. They see one another come and go to meetings. They meet in the lunch room. These casual encounters increase ...
Taking It Out of Context: Collaborating within and across . . .
"... As new communications media foster international collaborations, we would be remiss in overlooking cultural differences when assessing them. In this study, 24 pairs in three cultural groupings---American-American (AA), ChineseChinese (CC) and American-Chinese (AC) --worked on two decision-making ta ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 42 (11 self)
- Add to MetaCart
As new communications media foster international collaborations, we would be remiss in overlooking cultural differences when assessing them. In this study, 24 pairs in three cultural groupings---American-American (AA), ChineseChinese (CC) and American-Chinese (AC) --worked on two decision-making tasks, one face-to-face and the other via IM. Drawing upon prior research, we predicted differences in conversational efficiency, conversational content, interaction quality, persuasion, and performance. The quantitative results combined with conversation analysis suggest that the groups viewed the task differently---AA pairs as an exercise in situation-specific compromise; CC as consensus-reaching. Cultural differences were reduced but not eliminated in the IM condition.
Beyond bandwidth: Dimensions of connection in interpersonal communication
- J. Comput.-Supp. Coop. Work
, 2005
"... Abstract. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is a keystone of computer-supported collaborative work. Current CMC theory utilizes an information channel metaphor in which media vary according to how well they afford the transfer of messages in the channel, i.e., bandwidth. This paper draws attenti ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 38 (4 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Abstract. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is a keystone of computer-supported collaborative work. Current CMC theory utilizes an information channel metaphor in which media vary according to how well they afford the transfer of messages in the channel, i.e., bandwidth. This paper draws attention to a different aspect of communication argued to be equally important: a relation between people that defines a state of communicative readiness in which fruitful communication is likely. Drawing on research on instant messaging (Nardi et al., 2000) and face to face communication (Nardi et al., 2002; Nardi and Whittaker, 2003), as well as related literature, three dimensions of connection that activate readiness are proposed: affinity, commitment, and attention. These dimensions comprise a field of connection between dyads. A field of connection is conceptualized as a labile, multidimensional space in which the values of the dimensions vary according to the history of communicative activity. Affinity, commitment, and attention are constantly monitored, negotiated, and managed through social bonding, expression of commitment, and capture of attention. The management of fields of connection requires significant interactional work to sustain communication over time. Key words: affinity, attention, commitment, computer-mediated communication, interpersonal communication, social connection
Designing task visualizations to support the coordination of work in software development
- In Proc. CSCW 2006, ACM Press
, 2006
"... Software development tools primarily focus on supporting the technical work. Yet no matter the tools employed, the process followed, or the size of the team, important aspects of development are non-technical, and largely unsupported. For example, increasing distribution of development teams highlig ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 38 (3 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Software development tools primarily focus on supporting the technical work. Yet no matter the tools employed, the process followed, or the size of the team, important aspects of development are non-technical, and largely unsupported. For example, increasing distribution of development teams highlights the issues of coordination and cooperation. This paper focuses on one area: managing change requests. Interviews with industry and open-source programmers were used to create designs for the visual inspection of change requests. This paper presents fieldwork findings and two designs. We conclude by reflecting on the issues that task visualizations that support social inferences address in software development. Categories and Subject Descriptors
The researcher’s dilemma: evaluating trust in computer-mediated communication
- International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
, 2003
"... The aim of this paper is to establish a methodological foundation for human–computer interaction (HCI) researchers aiming to assess trust between people interacting via computermediated communication (CMC) technology. The most popular experimental paradigm currently employed by HCI researchers are s ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 36 (4 self)
- Add to MetaCart
The aim of this paper is to establish a methodological foundation for human–computer interaction (HCI) researchers aiming to assess trust between people interacting via computermediated communication (CMC) technology. The most popular experimental paradigm currently employed by HCI researchers are social dilemma games based on the Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD), a technique originating from economics. HCI researchers employing this experimental paradigm currently interpret the rate of cooperation—measured in the form of collective pay-off—as the level of trust the technology allows its users to develop. We argue that this interpretation is problematic, since the game’s synchronous nature models only very specific trust situations. Furthermore, experiments that are based on PD games cannot model the complexity of how trust is formed in the real world, since they neglect factors such as ability and benevolence. In conclusion, we recommend (a) means of improving social dilemma experiments by using asynchronous Trust Games, (b) collecting a broader range of data (in particular qualitative) and (c) increased use of longitudinal studies.
Semi-Synchronous Conflict Detection and Resolution in Asynchronous Software Development
"... Abstract. Previous work has found that (a) when software is developed collaboratively, concurrent accesses to related pieces of code are made, and (b) when these accesses are coordinated asynchronously through a version control system, they result in increased defects because of conflicting concurre ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 28 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
Abstract. Previous work has found that (a) when software is developed collaboratively, concurrent accesses to related pieces of code are made, and (b) when these accesses are coordinated asynchronously through a version control system, they result in increased defects because of conflicting concurrent changes. Previous findings also show that distance collaboration aggravates software-development problems and radical colocation reduces them. These results motivate a semi-synchronous distributed computersupported model that allows programmers creating code asynchronously to synchronously collaborate with each other to detect and resolve potentially conflicting tasks before they have completed the tasks. We describe, illustrate, and evaluate a new model designed to meet these requirements. Our results show that the model can catch conflicts at editing time that would be expensive to manage at later times.
A research agenda for distributed software development
- in ICSE ’06: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Software Engineering
"... In recent years, a number of business reasons have caused software development to become increasingly distributed. Remote development of software offers several advantages, but it is also fraught with challenges. In this paper, we report on our study of distributed software development that helped s ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 28 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
In recent years, a number of business reasons have caused software development to become increasingly distributed. Remote development of software offers several advantages, but it is also fraught with challenges. In this paper, we report on our study of distributed software development that helped shape a research agenda for this field. Our study has identified four areas where important research questions need to be addressed to make distributed development more effective. These areas are: collaborative software tools, knowledge acquisition and management, testing in a distributed set-up and process and metrics issues. We present a brief summary of related research in each of these areas, and also outline open research issues. Categories and Subject Descriptors
Shared mental models, familiarity and coordination: a multi-method study of distributed software teams
- In the Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Information Systems
"... research.avayalabs.com Coordination is important in large-scale software development because of the many people involved and the complex dependencies present in software tasks. Even small improvements in productivity can lead to substantial cost savings and competitive advantage. But despite great t ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 26 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
research.avayalabs.com Coordination is important in large-scale software development because of the many people involved and the complex dependencies present in software tasks. Even small improvements in productivity can lead to substantial cost savings and competitive advantage. But despite great technological advances in software engineering and collaboration tools in recent years, coordination in software development projects continues to be problematic. Traditional theories suggest that team members coordinate by programming their tasks and by communicating with each other, but more recent research also suggests that they coordinate through work familiarity, and team cognition mechanisms like shared mental models. This paper reports on the results of a multi-method research investigation of how shared mental models, work familiarity and geographic dispersion affect coordination in software teams. This research is based on three studies conducted at a large telecommunications company: face-to-face interviews, survey, and archival studies. Results show that shared mental models have a positive effect on team coordination and that prior familiarity with the same software parts and projects reduces software development time. Results also indicate that geographic dispersion increases software development time and that the effect of work familiarity is stronger for geographically
