Multi-point interaction tasks involve the manipulation of several mutually-dependent control points in a visual workspace – for example, adjusting a selection rectangle in a drawing application. Multi-point interactions place conflicting requirements on the interface: the system must display objects at sufficient scale for detailed manipulation, but it must also provide an efficient means of navigating from one control point to another. Current interfaces lack any explicit support for tasks that combine these two requirements, forcing users to carry out sequences of zoom and pan actions. In this paper, we describe three novel mechanisms for view control that explicitly support multipoint interactions with a single mouse, and preserve both visibility and scale for multiple regions of interest. We carried out a study to compare two of the designs against standard zoom and pan techniques, and found that task completion time was significantly reduced with the new approaches. The study shows the potential of interfaces that combine support for both scale and navigation.

Abstract. We investigate the usability of an eye controlled writing interface that matches the nature of human eye gaze, which always moves and is not immediately able to trigger the selection of a button. Such an interface allows the eye continuously to move and it is not necessary to dwell upon a specific position to trigger a command. We classify writing into three categories (typing, gesturing, and continuous writing) and explain why continuous writing comes closest to the nature of human eye gaze. We propose Quikwriting, which was originally designed for handhelds, as a method for text input that meets the requirements of eye gaze controlled input best. We adapt its design for the usage with eye gaze. Based on the results of a first study, we formulate some guidelines for the design of future Quikwriting-based eye gaze controlled applications. 1

The increasing availability and accuracy of eye gaze detection equipment has encouraged its use for both investigation and control. In this paper we present novel methods for navigating and inspecting extremely large images solely or primarily using eye gaze control. We investigate the relative advantages and comparative properties of four related methods: Stare-to-Zoom (STZ), in which control of the image position and resolution level is determined solely by the user’s gaze position on the screen; Head-to-Zoom (HTZ) and Dual-to-Zoom (DTZ), in which gaze control is augmented by head or mouse actions; and Mouse-to-Zoom (MTZ), using conventional mouse input as an experimental control. # The need to inspect large images occurs in many disciplines, such as mapping, medicine, astronomy and surveillance. Here we consider the inspection of very large aerial images, of which Google Earth is both an example and the one employed in our study. We perform comparative search and navigation tasks with each of the methods described, and record user opinions using the Swedish User-Viewer Presence Questionnaire. We conclude that, while gaze methods are effective for image navigation, they, as yet, lag behind more conventional methods and interaction designers may well consider combining these techniques for greatest effect.

Dasher is one of the best known inventions in the area of text entry in recent years. It can be used with many input devices, but studies on user performance with it are still scarce. We ran a longitudinal study where 12 participants transcribed Finnish text with Dasher in ten 15-minute sessions using a Tobii 1750 eye tracker as a pointing device. The mean text entry rate was 2.5 wpm during the first session and 17.3 wpm during the tenth session. Our results show that very high text entry rates can be achieved with eye-operated Dasher, but only after several hours of training.

Text entry by eye gaze is used by people with severe motor disabilities. An eye tracking device follows the user’s eye movements, and a computer program analyzes the gaze behavior. To type by gaze, the user typically points at the characters on an on-screen keyboard by looking at them and selects them by means of dwell time, a prolonged gaze that separates an intentional command from casual viewing. The basic methods for producing text by gaze have been researched and in real-world use since the early 1980s; however, the design issues have not been studied in detail. Until recently, assistive eye tracking systems were used mostly by a small number of people who were totally paralyzed and for whom gaze control was a necessity and the only option. The technology and its usability have improved considerably, and several new systems have appeared on the market, making the technology available for a much wider group of users with varying need and abilities. Today, the eye tracker can be considered an optional assistive device worth

The HCI community uses at least four different formulas for Fitts ’ law. Each of them is derived from Shannon’s information theory. This raises the question which formula is wrong and which is right. While the HCI community on the one hand gives free choice for the formula, it demands good statistical values for the evaluation on the other hand. From a scientific point of view this situation is not satisfying.

Abstract not found

Abstract In this paper, a new text entry system is proposed, implemented, and evaluated. BlinkWrite provides a communication gateway for cognitively able motorimpaired individuals who cannot use a traditional eyetracking system. In contrast to most hands-free systems, BlinkWrite allows text to be entered and corrected using a single input modality: blinks. The system was implemented using a scanning ambiguous keyboard, a new form of scanning keyboard that allows English text to be entered in less than two scanning intervals per character. In a user study, 12 participants entered text using the system with three settings for scanning interval: 1,000, 850, and 700 ms. An average text entry rate of 4.8 wpm was observed with accuracy [97%. The highest average text entry rate was achieved with the scanning interval of 850 ms.

Movement of eye from one place to another