Citation Context

...ized as a state in which one is highly aware of the present moment, acknowledging and accepting it, without getting caught up in thoughts about the present experience or in emotional reactions to it (=-=Bishop et al., 2004-=-). Mindfulness involves paying attention to one’s present experiencing in a nonjudgmental, nonevaluative way. Although mindfulness requires a certain degree of calm and equanimity, it is not to be con...

Citation Context

...s one’s attention away from elaborative cognitive processing—especially those thoughts creating stories about the self (Martin, 1997)—toward the nonjudgmental acceptance of present-moment experience (=-=Bishop et al., 2004-=-). Thus, self-compassion tends to soften rather than reinforce egoprotective boundaries between self and others. (For an alternative conceptualization of self-compassion, see Gilbert & Irons, 2005 or ...

Citation Context

...mindfulness leads to beneficial outcomes. Several authors have suggested that clarifying these processes requires psychometrically sound methods for assessing mindfulness (Baer, Smith, & Allen, 2004; =-=Bishop et al., 2004-=-; Brown & Ryan, 2004; Dimidjian & Linehan, 2003a). Such measures are necessary for examining whether individuals who practice mindfulness become more mindful over time and whether these changes mediat...

Citation Context

...n. Both of these regulatory processes are hypothesized to be engaged while actively performing concentrative mindfulness training exercises, which are included as “homework” in most MT protocols (see =-=Bishop et al., 2004-=-; Lutz, Slagter, Dunne, & Davidson, 2008). Concentrative exercises emphasize focus on a target object, such as a body sensation, visual image, phrase, or concept. During a breath-focused practice, for...

Citation Context

... . . . . . . . . . 1132Therapies derived from Buddhist practices, mindfulness-based therapy (MBT), such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (Kabat-Zinn, 1982) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2002), have become a very popular subject in contemporary psychotherapy (for reviews, see Baer, 2003; Bishop, 2002; Hayes, 2004; Hofmann & Asmundson, 2008; Hofmann, Sawyer, Witt, & Oh, 2010; Kabat-Zinn, 1994, 2005; Roemer & Orsillo, 2009; Salmon, Lush, Jablonski, & Sephton, 2009; Siegel, 2007; Thera, 1962). Mindfulness is a construct that is difficult to define (see Bishop et al., 2004;Grossman, 2008, in press; Kabat-Zinn, 2003;MelbourneAcademic Mindfulness Interest Group, 2006). It has been described as a form of participant-observation that is characterized by moment-to-moment awareness of perceptible mental states and processes that include continuous, immediate awareness of physical sensations, perceptions, 1127S.G. Hofmann et al. / Clinical Psychology Review 31 (2011) 1126–1132affective states, thoughts, and imagery (Grossman, Niemann, Schmidt, & Walach, 2004). Definitions of mindfulness from Buddhism and MBTs focus upon a number of qualities that include (a) a deliber...

Citation Context

...nerstone of several clinical interventions, including mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR; Kabat-Zinn, 1990). Recent attempts at definition have resulted in a two-component model of mindfulness (=-=Bishop et al., 2004-=-). The first component involves self-regulation of attention on immediate experience, resulting in recognition of events arising in present moment awareness. The second component represents an orienta...

Citation Context

...ther, the main activity is a cognitive and intention-based process characterized by self-regulation of attention to the present moment with an open and accepting orientation toward one’s experiences (=-=Bishop et al., 2004-=-). Verbal instructions are used to outline the technique, but the bulk of training is experiential, consisting of intentional shifts of attention and perception. Incorporation of this technique with o...

Citation Context

...ictor of avoidance. This makes sense given that mindfulness involves turning toward and accepting one’s experienceA Pilot and Randomized Trial of MSC Program 13 rather than resisting or ignoring it (=-=Bishop et al., 2004-=-). Still, it should be noted that selfcompassion was the only significant predictor of social connectedness, depression and anxiety even after taking the contribution of mindfulness into account. One ...