From the type of a polymorphic function we can derive a theorem that it satisfies. Every function of the same type satisfies the same theorem. This provides a free source of useful theorems, courtesy of Reynolds' abstraction theorem for the polymorphic lambda calculus.

We define a simple collection of operations for creating and manipulating record structures, where records are intended as finite associations of values to labels. A second-order type system over these operations supports both subtyping and polymorphism. We provide typechecking algorithms and limited semantic models. Our approach unifies and extends previous notions of records, bounded quantification, record extension, and parametrization by row-variables. The general aim is to provide foundations for concepts found in object-oriented languages, within a framework based on typed lambda-calculus.

In order to illuminate the fundamental concepts involved in object-oriented programming languages, we describe the design of TOOPL, a paradigmatic, statically-typed, functional, object-oriented programming language which supports classes, objects, methods, hidden instance variables, subtypes, and inheritance. It has proven to be quite difficult to design such a language which has a secure type system. A particular problem with statically type checking object-oriented languages is designing type-checking rules which ensure that methods provided in a superclass will continue to be type correct when inherited in a subclass. The type-checking rules for TOOPL have this feature, enabling library suppliers to provide only the interfaces of classes with actual executable code, while still allowing users to safely create subclasses. In order to achieve greater expressibility while retaining type-safety, we choose to separate the inheritance and subtyping hierarchy in the language. The design of...

Abstract not found

this paper is to marry effects to monads, writing T for a computation that yields a value in and may have effects delimited by oe. Now we have that ( is

. This tutorial paper provides an introduction to intuitionistic logic and linear logic, and shows how they correspond to type systems for functional languages via the notion of `Propositions as Types'. The presentation of linear logic is simplified by basing it on the Logic of Unity. An application to the array update problem is briefly discussed. 1 Introduction Some of the best things in life are free; and some are not. Truth is free. Having proved a theorem, you may use this proof as many times as you wish, at no extra cost. Food, on the other hand, has a cost. Having baked a cake, you may eat it only once. If traditional logic is about truth, then linear logic is about food. In traditional logic, if a fact is used to conclude another fact, the first fact is still available. For instance, given that A implies B and given A, one may deduce both A and B. In symbols, this is written as the judgement A ! B; A ` A \Theta B (i) where A ! B is read `A implies B', and A \Theta B is read `...

this article appeared in Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, 1992, under the title \A compilation method for ML-style polymorphic record calculi." This work was partly supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education under scienti c research grant no. 06680319. Author's address: Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, JAPAN; email: ohori@kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of ACM. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or speci c permission. c 1999 ACM 0164-0925/99/0100-0111 $00.75

Quest is a programming language based on impredicative type quantifiers and subtyping within a three-level structure of kinds, types and type operators, and values. The semantics of Quest is rather challenging. In particular, difficulties arise when we try to model simultaneously features such as contravariant function spaces, record types, subtyping, recursive types, and fixpoints. In this paper we describe in detail the type inference rules for Quest, and we give them meaning using a partial equivalence relation model of types. Subtyping is interpreted as in previous work by Bruce and Longo, but the interpretation of some aspects, namely subsumption, power kinds, and record subtyping, is novel. The latter is based on a new encoding of record types. We concentrate on modeling quantifiers and subtyping; recursion is the subject of current work.

We extend a fragment of the programming language ML by incorporating a more general form of record pattern matching and providing for user-declared subtypes. Together, these two enhancements may be used to support a restricted object-oriented programming style. In keeping with the framework of ML, we present typing rules for the language, and develop a type inference aJgorithm. We prove that the algorithm is sound with respect to the typing rules, and that it infers a most general typing for every typable expression.

Abstract not found