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Query relaxation for XML model (2002)

by D Lee
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Query relaxation using malleable schemas

by Xuan Zhou, Julien Gaugaz, Wolf-tilo Balke, Wolfgang Nejdl - In Proc. ACM SIGMOD , 2007
"... In contrast to classical databases and IR systems, real-world information systems have to deal increasingly with very vague and diverse structures for information management and storage that cannot be adequately handled yet. While current object-relational database systems require clear and unified ..."
Abstract - Cited by 14 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
In contrast to classical databases and IR systems, real-world information systems have to deal increasingly with very vague and diverse structures for information management and storage that cannot be adequately handled yet. While current object-relational database systems require clear and unified data schemas, IR systems usually ignore the structured information completely. Malleable schemas, as recently introduced, provide a novel way to deal with vagueness, ambiguity and diversity by incorporating imprecise and overlapping definitions of data structures. In this paper, we propose a novel query relaxation scheme that enables users to find best matching information by exploiting malleable schemas to effectively query vaguely structured information. Our scheme utilizes duplicates in differently described data sets to discover the correlations within a malleable schema, and then uses these correlations to appropriately relax the users’ queries. In addition, it ranks results of the relaxed query according to their respective probability of satisfying the original query’s intent. We have implemented the scheme and conducted extensive experiments with real-world data to confirm its performance and practicality.
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...ve to retrieve enough results. Such relaxation is usually based on user preferences and values, and it is seldom applied to schemas. Recently, these techniques have been extended to relax XML queries =-=[2, 21]-=- using the hierarchical structures of XML data. In [4], the authors proposed a framework for relaxing user requests over ontologies. In contrast to those proposals, our work is not concerned about use...

Query relaxation for entityrelationship search

by Shady Elbassuoni, Maya Ramanath, Gerhard Weikum - In ESWC , 1997
"... Abstract. Entity-relationship-structured data is becoming more important on the Web. For example, large knowledge bases have been automatically constructed by information extraction from Wikipedia and other Web sources. Entities and relationships can be represented by subject-property-object triples ..."
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Abstract. Entity-relationship-structured data is becoming more important on the Web. For example, large knowledge bases have been automatically constructed by information extraction from Wikipedia and other Web sources. Entities and relationships can be represented by subject-property-object triples in the RDF model, and can then be precisely searched by structured query languages like SPARQL. Because of their Boolean-match semantics, such queries often return too few or even no results. To improve recall, it is thus desirable to support users by automatically relaxing or reformulating queries in such a way that the intention of the original user query is preserved while returning a sufficient number of ranked results. In this paper we describe comprehensive methods to relax SPARQL-like triplepattern queries in a fully automated manner. Our framework produces a set of relaxations by means of statistical language models for structured RDF data and queries. The query processing algorithms merge the results of different relaxations into a unified result list, with ranking based on any ranking function for structured queries over RDF-data. Our experimental evaluation, with two different datasets about movies and books, shows the effectiveness of the automatically generated relaxations and the improved quality of query results based on assessments collected on the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform.
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...es for record linkage, but are beyond the scope of our work. Query reformulation in general has been studied in other contexts such as keyword queries [5] (more generally called query expansion), XML =-=[1, 13]-=-, SQL [4, 22] as well as RDF [11, 7, 10]. Our setting of RDF and triple patterns is different in being schemaless (as opposed to relational data) and graph-structured (as opposed to XML which is mainl...

Techniques for Fast Query Relaxation in Contentbased Recommender Systems

by Dietmar Jannach - Proceedings of Annual German Conference on AI 2006 , 2006
"... Abstract. ‘Query relaxation ’ is one of the basic approaches to deal with unfulfillable or conflicting customer requirements in content-based recommender systems: When no product in the catalog exactly matches the customer requirements, the idea is to retrieve those products that fulfill as many of ..."
Abstract - Cited by 5 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract. ‘Query relaxation ’ is one of the basic approaches to deal with unfulfillable or conflicting customer requirements in content-based recommender systems: When no product in the catalog exactly matches the customer requirements, the idea is to retrieve those products that fulfill as many of the requirements as possible by removing (relaxing) parts of the original query to the catalog. In general, searching for such an ‘maximum succeeding subquery ’ is a non-trivial task because a) the theoretical search space exponentially grows with the number of the subqueries and b) the allowed response times are strictly limited in interactive recommender applications. In this paper, we describe new techniques for the fast computation of ‘user-optimal ’ query relaxations: First, we show how the number of required database queries for determining an optimal relaxation can be limited to the number of given subqueries by evaluating the subqueries individually. Next, it is described how the problem of finding relaxations returning ‘at-least-n ’ products can be efficiently solved by analyzing these partial query results in memory. Finally, we show how a general-purpose conflict detection algorithm can be applied for determining ‘preferred’ conflicts in interactive relaxation scenarios. The described algorithms have been implemented and evaluated in a knowledge-based recommender framework; the paper comprises a discussion of implementation details, experiences, and experimental results. 1
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...is to find approximate answers to user queries. These approaches, however, have little relation with our work and mainly aim at relaxing structural constraints in general XML-specific query languages =-=[1, 7]-=-.s6 Dietmar Jannach Algorithm: MinRelax In: A query Q, a product catalog P Out: Set of minimal relaxations minRS for Q MinRS = ∅ forall pi ∈ P do PSX = Compute the product-specific relaxation P SX(Q, ...

XML Algebras for Data Mining

by M. Zhang, J. T. Yao - IN THE PROCEEDINGS OF DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY: THEORY, TOOLS, AND TECHNOLOGY , 2004
"... The XML is a new standard for data representation and exchange on the Internet. There are studies on XML query languages as well as XML algebras in literature. However, attention has not been paid to research on XML algebras for data mining due to partially the fact that there is no widely accepted ..."
Abstract - Cited by 4 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
The XML is a new standard for data representation and exchange on the Internet. There are studies on XML query languages as well as XML algebras in literature. However, attention has not been paid to research on XML algebras for data mining due to partially the fact that there is no widely accepted definition of XML mining tasks. This paper tries to examine the XML mining tasks and provide guidelines to design XML algebras for data mining. Some summarization and comparison have been done to existing XML algebras. We argue that by adding additional operators for mining tasks, XML algebras may work well for data mining with XML documents.

The Relaxation Manager for XML Query Relaxation

by Anna Putnam
"... 2 Table of Contents Abstract............................................................................................................................... 3 1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 3 ..."
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2 Table of Contents Abstract............................................................................................................................... 3 1 Introduction................................................................................................................. 3

Approximate Retrieval of XML Data with ApproXPath

by Lin Xu, Curtis Dyreson
"... Several XML query languages have been proposed that use XPath expressions to locate data. But XPath expressions might miss some data because of irregularities in the data and schema of an XML data collection. In this paper we propose ApproXPath, which supports approximate path expressions. Approxima ..."
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Several XML query languages have been proposed that use XPath expressions to locate data. But XPath expressions might miss some data because of irregularities in the data and schema of an XML data collection. In this paper we propose ApproXPath, which supports approximate path expressions. Approximate path expressions have the same syntax as XPath expressions, but allow content and structural errors. An error is a string or tree edit operation that creates a (virtual) data collection in which the data can be located. ApproXPath extends XPath’s axes, node tests and predicates to utilize the string/tree edit distance. We show that the complexity of ApproXPath is reasonable. For many queries, the inexact matching (with no errors) is as fast as exact matching, and the cost increases linearly with the number of errors allowed. 1

Contents

by Dr. Susanne Busse, Thomas Kabisch, Ralf Petzschmann, Forschungsberichte Der Fakultät Iv, Miweb E-learning , 2005
"... ..."
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...e area ([Mot90, CC94, BYRN99]). In the context of cooperative information systems it is used to relax a user query to a less restricted form to permit approximate answers. We follow the definition in =-=[Lee02]-=- of query relaxation as a transformation of a query so that a greater number or bigger-scoped answers are returned (p. 26). When using query relaxation for wrapping a restrictive web source interface,...

Query Relaxation for Entity-Relationship Search Shady Elbassuoni Maya Ramanath

by Gerhard Weikum, Shady Elbassuoni, Maya Ramanath, Gerhard Weikum , 2010
"... Entity-relationship-structured data is becoming more important on the Web. For example, large knowledge bases have been automatically constructed by information extraction from Wikipedia and other Web sources. Entities and relationships can be represented by subject-property-object triples in the RD ..."
Abstract - Add to MetaCart
Entity-relationship-structured data is becoming more important on the Web. For example, large knowledge bases have been automatically constructed by information extraction from Wikipedia and other Web sources. Entities and relationships can be represented by subject-property-object triples in the RDF model, and can then be precisely searched by structured query languages like SPARQL. Because of their Boolean-match semantics, such queries often return too few or even no results. To improve recall, it is thus desirable to support users by automatically relaxing or reformulating queries in such a way that the intention of the original user query is preserved while returning a sufficient number of ranked results. In this paper we describe comprehensive methods to relax SPARQL-like triple-pattern queries, possibly augmented with keywords, in a fully automated manner. Our framework produces a set of relaxations by means of statistical language models for structured RDF data and queries. The query
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... and ontology matching, but are not the focus of this work. Query reformulation in general has been studied in other contexts such as keyword queries [24] (more generally called query expansion), XML =-=[5, 58]-=-, SQL [20, 89] as well as RDF [49, 32, 48]. While we can make use of query expansion strategies for keyword conditions, we deal primarily with triplepattern queries over RDF data. The problem of query...

Flexible queries in XML native databases

by Olfa Arfaoui , Minyar Sassi Hidri
"... Abstract-To date, most of the XML native databases (DB) flexible querying systems are based on exploiting the tree structure of their semi structured data (SSD). However, it becomes important to test the efficiency of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) formalism for this type of data since it has been p ..."
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Abstract-To date, most of the XML native databases (DB) flexible querying systems are based on exploiting the tree structure of their semi structured data (SSD). However, it becomes important to test the efficiency of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) formalism for this type of data since it has been proved a great performance in the field of information retrieval (IR). So, the IR in XML databases based on FCA is mainly based on the use of the lattice structure. Each concept of this lattice can be interpreted as a pair (response, query). In this work, we provide a new flexible modeling of XML DB based on fuzzy FCA as a first step towards flexible querying of SSD.
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...atabases, flexible queries are a research topic which has met a growing interest in the querying of SSD. Several techniques have been proposed to address this problem. We find some relaxation queries =-=[14]-=-, [15], techniques based on and correlation and techniques based on approximate matching trees [16]. All these techniques are based on the tree structure of XML document and introduced flexibility acc...

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