Results 1 - 10
of
121
Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey
"... In the last years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained increasing attention from both the research community and actual users. As sensor nodes are generally battery-powered devices, the critical aspects to face concern how to reduce the energy consumption of nodes, so that the network lifeti ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 227 (11 self)
- Add to MetaCart
In the last years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained increasing attention from both the research community and actual users. As sensor nodes are generally battery-powered devices, the critical aspects to face concern how to reduce the energy consumption of nodes, so that the network lifetime can be extended to reasonable times. In this paper we first break down the energy consumption for the components of a typical sensor node, and discuss the main directions to energy conservation in WSNs. Then, we present a systematic and comprehensive taxonomy of the energy conservation schemes, which are subsequently discussed in depth. Special attention has been devoted to promising solutions which have not yet obtained a wide attention in the literature, such as techniques for energy efficient data acquisition. Finally we conclude the paper with insights for research directions about energy conservation in WSNs.
Akyildiz, “Spatial Correlation-based Collaborative Medium Access Control in Wireless Sensor Networks
- IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
, 2006
"... Abstract—Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are mainly characterized by dense deployment of sensor nodes which collectively transmit information about sensed events to the sink. Due to the spatial correlation between sensor nodes subject to observed events, it may not be necessary for every sensor node ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 102 (8 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Abstract—Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are mainly characterized by dense deployment of sensor nodes which collectively transmit information about sensed events to the sink. Due to the spatial correlation between sensor nodes subject to observed events, it may not be necessary for every sensor node to transmit its data. This paper shows how the spatial correlation can be exploited on the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort which exploits spatial correlation in WSN on the MAC layer. A theoretical framework is developed for transmission regulation of sensor nodes under a distortion constraint. It is shown that a sensor node can act as a representative node for several other sensor nodes observing the correlated data. Based on the theoretical framework, a distributed, spatial Correlation-based Collaborative Medium Access Control (CC-MAC) protocol is then designed which has two components: Event MAC (E-MAC) and Network MAC (N-MAC). E-MAC filters out the correlation in sensor records while N-MAC prioritizes the transmission of route-thru packets. Simulation results show that CC-MAC achieves high performance in terms energy, packet drop rate, and latency. Index Terms—CC-MAC, energy efficiency, medium access control, spatial correlation, wireless sensor networks. I.
The State of the Art in Cross-layer Design for Wireless Sensor Networks
- PROCEEDINGS OF EURONGI WORKSHOPS ON WIRELESS AND MOBILITY, SPRINGER LECTURE NOTES ON COMPUTER SCIENCE, LNCS 388
, 2005
"... The literature on cross-layer protocols, protocol improvements, and design methodologies for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is reviewed and a taxonomy is proposed. The communication protocols devised for WSNs that focus on cross-layer design techniques are reviewed and classified, based on the netw ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 37 (5 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
The literature on cross-layer protocols, protocol improvements, and design methodologies for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is reviewed and a taxonomy is proposed. The communication protocols devised for WSNs that focus on cross-layer design techniques are reviewed and classified, based on the network layers they aim at replacing in the classical open system interconnection (OSI) network stack. Furthermore, systematic methodologies for the design of cross-layer solution for sensor networks as resource allocation problems in the framework of non-linear optimization are discussed. Open research issues in the development of cross-layer design methodologies for sensor networks are discussed and possible research directions are indicated. Finally, possible shortcomings of cross-layer design techniques such as lack of modularity, decreased robustness, and instability are discussed, and precautionary guidelines are presented.
Multimedia Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks
"... The technological advances in Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and wireless communications have enabled the realization of wireless sensor networks (WSN) comprised of large number of low-cost, low-power, multifunctional sensor nodes. These tiny sensor nodes communicate in short distances an ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 35 (2 self)
- Add to MetaCart
The technological advances in Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and wireless communications have enabled the realization of wireless sensor networks (WSN) comprised of large number of low-cost, low-power, multifunctional sensor nodes. These tiny sensor nodes communicate in short distances and collaboratively work toward fulfilling the applicationspecific objectives of WSN. However, realization of wide range of envisioned WSN applications necessitates effective communication protocols which can address the unique challenges posed by the WSN paradigm. Since many of these envisioned applications may also involve in collecting information in the form of multimedia such as audio, image, and video; additional challenges due to the unique requirements of multimedia delivery over WSN, e.g., diverse reliability requirements, time-constraints, high bandwidth demands, must be addressed as well. Thus far, vast majority of the research efforts has been focused on addressing the problems of conventional data communication in WSN. Therefore, there exists an urgent need for research on the problems of multimedia communication in WSN. In this paper, a survey of the research challenges and the current status of the literature on the multimedia communication in WSN is presented. More specifically, the multimedia WSN applications, factors influencing multimedia delivery over WSN, currently proposed solutions in application, transport, and network layers, are pointed out along with their shortcomings and open research issues.
Optimal routing and data aggregation for maximizing lifetime of wireless sensor networks
- Inf. Eng. Dept., Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Tech. Rep
, 2005
"... Abstract—An optimal routing and data aggregation scheme for wireless sensor networks is proposed in this paper. The objective is to maximize the network lifetime by jointly optimizing data aggregation and routing. We adopt a model to integrate data aggregation with the underlying routing scheme and ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 23 (0 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Abstract—An optimal routing and data aggregation scheme for wireless sensor networks is proposed in this paper. The objective is to maximize the network lifetime by jointly optimizing data aggregation and routing. We adopt a model to integrate data aggregation with the underlying routing scheme and present a smoothing approximation function for the optimization problem. The necessary and sufficient conditions for achieving the optimality are derived and a distributed gradient algorithm is designed accordingly. We show that the proposed scheme can significantly reduce the data traffic and improve the network lifetime. The distributed algorithm can converge to the optimal value efficiently under all network configurations. Index Terms—Data aggregation, maximum lifetime routing, network lifetime, smoothing methods, wireless sensor networks. I.
Rechargeable Sensor Activation under Temporally Correlated Events
, 2007
"... Wireless sensor networks are often deployed to detect “interesting events” that are bound to show some degree of temporal correlation across their occurrences. Typically, sensors are heavily constrained in terms of energy, and thus energy usage at the sensors must be optimized for efficient operatio ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 21 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
Wireless sensor networks are often deployed to detect “interesting events” that are bound to show some degree of temporal correlation across their occurrences. Typically, sensors are heavily constrained in terms of energy, and thus energy usage at the sensors must be optimized for efficient operation of the sensor system. A key optimization question in such systems is − how the sensor (assumed to be rechargeable) should be activated in time so that the number of interesting events detected is maximized under the typical slow rate of recharge of the sensor. In this paper, we consider the activation question for a single sensor, and pose it in a stochastic decision framework. The recharge-discharge dynamics of a rechargeable sensor node, along with temporal correlations in the event occurrences makes the optimal sensor activation question very challenging. Under complete state observability, we outline a deterministic, memoryless policy that is provably optimal. For the more practical scenario, where the inactive sensor may not have complete information about the state of event occurrences in the system, we comment on the structure of the deterministic, history-dependent optimal policy. We then develop a simple, deterministic, memoryless activation policy based upon energy balance and show that this policy achieves near-optimal performance under certain realistic assumptions. Finally, we show that an aggressive activation policy, in which the sensor activates itself at every possible opportunity, performs optimally only if events are uncorrelated.
Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey Revisited
- COMPUTER NETWORKS JOURNAL (ELSEVIER SCIENCE)
"... With the recent advances in Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology and wireless communications; the implementation of lowcost, lowpower, multifunctional sensor nodes that are small in size and communicate untethered in short distances has become feasible. The ever-increasing capabilitie ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 18 (1 self)
- Add to MetaCart
With the recent advances in Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology and wireless communications; the implementation of lowcost, lowpower, multifunctional sensor nodes that are small in size and communicate untethered in short distances has become feasible. The ever-increasing capabilities of these tiny sensor nodes enable the realization of wireless sensor networks (WSN) based on the collaborative effort of a large number of nodes. However, in order to realize the existing and envisioned applications and hence take the advantages of the potential gains of WSN necessitate effective communication protocols which can address the unique challenges posed by the WSN paradigm. Since the time these challenges had been been first pointed out in the literature, there has been a great deal of research effort focused on addressing them. Furthermore, the promising results of the research efforts since then have enabled the development and realization of practical sensor network deployment scenarios. In this paper, a survey of the applications, developed communication protocols, and real deployment scenarios proposed thus far for WSN is revisited. The objective of this survey revisit is to provide a contemporary look at the current state-of-the-art in WSN and discuss the still-open research issues in this field.
A spatial correlation model for visual information in wireless multimedia sensor networks
- IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
, 2009
"... Abstract—Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) are interconnected devices that allow retrieving video and audio streams, still images, and scalar data from the environment. In a densely deployed WMSN, there exists correlation among the visual information observed by cameras with overlapped fie ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 17 (5 self)
- Add to MetaCart
(Show Context)
Abstract—Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) are interconnected devices that allow retrieving video and audio streams, still images, and scalar data from the environment. In a densely deployed WMSN, there exists correlation among the visual information observed by cameras with overlapped field of views. This paper proposes a novel spatial correlation model for visual information in WMSNs. By studying the sensing model and deployments of cameras, a spatial correlation function is derived to describe the correlation characteristics of visual information observed by cameras with overlapped field of views. The joint effect of multiple correlated cameras is also studied. An entropy-based analytical framework is developed to measure the amount of visual information provided by multiple cameras in the network. Furthermore, according to the proposed correlation function and entropy-based framework, a correlation-based camera selection algorithm is designed. Experimental results show that the proposed spatial correlation function can model the correlation characteristics of visual information in WMSNs through low computation and communication costs. Further simulations show that, given a distortion bound at the sink, the correlation-based camera selection algorithm requires fewer cameras to report to the sink than the random selection algorithm. Index Terms—Camera selection, spatial correlation, visual information, wireless multimedia sensor networks. I.
What Does Model-Driven Data Acquisition Really Achieve in Wireless Sensor Networks?
"... Abstract—Model-driven data acquisition techniques aim at reducing the amount of data reported, and therefore the energy consumed, in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). At each node, a model predicts the sampled data; when the latter deviate from the current model, a new model is generated and sent to ..."
Abstract
-
Cited by 16 (7 self)
- Add to MetaCart
Abstract—Model-driven data acquisition techniques aim at reducing the amount of data reported, and therefore the energy consumed, in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). At each node, a model predicts the sampled data; when the latter deviate from the current model, a new model is generated and sent to the data sink. However, experiences in real-world deployments have not been reported in the literature. Evaluation typically focuses solely on the quantity of data reports suppressed at source nodes: the interplay between data modeling and the underlying network protocols is not analyzed. In contrast, this paper investigates in practice whether i) model-driven data acquisition works in a real application; ii) the energy savings it enables in theory are still worthwhile once the network stack is taken into account. We do so in the concrete setting of a WSN-based system for adaptive lighting in road tunnels. Our novel modeling technique, Derivative-Based Prediction (DBP), suppresses up to 99 % of the data reports, while meeting the error tolerance of our application. DBP is considerably simpler than competing techniques, yet performs better in our real setting. Experiments in both an indoor testbed and an operational road tunnel show also that, once the network stack is taken into consideration, DBP triples the WSN lifetime—a remarkable result per se, but a far cry from the aforementioned 99 % data suppression. This suggests that, to fully exploit the energy savings enabled by data modeling techniques, a coordinated operation of the data and network layers is necessary. I.
