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...d, using various techniques to minimize the software overhead for supporting the shared address space. For example, some systems require programmer annotations or explicit calls to access shared data =-=[2, 11]-=-. Another approach, called Shared Virtual Memory (SVM), uses the virtual memory hardware to detect access to data that is not available locally [4, 13, 12]. In most such systems, the granularity at wh...

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...[17]. Both models take advantage of the association of data with locks, either explicitly (Entry Consistency) or implicitly (Scope Consistency), to reduce the protocol overhead. Both Orca [2] and CRL =-=[19]-=- are designed to implement distributed shared memory by maintaining coherence at object level instead of page level. These methods require specialized APIs, unlike the prototype systems presented in t...

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...access checks in software. While the authors of Shasta used impressive compiler techniques to reduce the cost of these software access checks, MMP would reduce this cost further. The C region library =-=[JKW95]-=- also allows programmers to maintain coherence for arbitrary-sized data regions, and so would benefit from MMP’s ability to mark such data regions as inaccessible if they were owned exclusively by ano...

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... if a process A reads a value written by another process B, then all subsequent operations by A must appear to occur after the write by B. Most DSM’s implement one of these relaxed consistency models =-=[11, 18, 21, 27]-=-, though some implement a fixed collection of consistency models [4], while others merely implement a collection of mechanisms on top of which users write their own DSM consistency policies [23, 26]. ...

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... replaced by a queue of waiters at the home. Transparency of Shared Address Space Much work has been done on software shared memory using explicit program annotations to access the shared named space =-=[2,5,13,19,23]-=-. The difficulty of programming shared-memory machines using specific annotations, however, has hindered the widespread adoption of those systems. Hardware shared memory, while easier to program, is o...

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...ural fit for in-memory computation: applications have no online access to intermediate state and often have to emulate shared memory access by joining multiple data streams. Distributed shared memory =-=[29, 32, 7, 17]-=- and tuple spaces [13] allow sharing of distributed in-memory state. However, their simple memory (or tuple) model makes it difficult for programmers to optimize for good application performance in a ...

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...mory segments. The idea here is to allow groups of endpoints to keep specially-tagged endpoint virtual-memory segments cache-coherent. Similarly, it appears at first glance, that the C Region Library =-=[28]-=- could be easily incorporated into the exiting structures of the endpoints and associated memory segments. 4. Provide unreliable versions of the request and reply transport functions. In certain appli...

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...s: a cache-line sized grain when using hardware shared memory, and a larger page-sized grain when using software shared memory. Other solutions to the grain size problem have explored variable grains =-=[4, 5]-=-. These solutions leverage application-specific knowledge to select the optimal grain. While this can be effective, it is difficult for a compiler and painful for a programmer. Multigrain shared memor...