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Contiki - a Lightweight and Flexible Operating System for Tiny Networked Sensors
, 2004
"... of tiny networked devices that communicate untethered. For large scale networks it is important to be able to dynamically download code into the network. In this paper we present Contiki, a lightweight operating system with support for dynamic loading and replacement of individual programs and servi ..."
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Cited by 497 (43 self)
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of tiny networked devices that communicate untethered. For large scale networks it is important to be able to dynamically download code into the network. In this paper we present Contiki, a lightweight operating system with support for dynamic loading and replacement of individual programs and services. Contiki is built around an event-driven kernel but provides optional preemptive multithreading that can be applied to individual processes. We show that dynamic loading and unloading is feasible in a resource constrained environment, while keeping the base system lightweight and compact.
Extensibility, safety and performance in the SPIN operating system
, 1995
"... This paper describes the motivation, architecture and performance of SPIN, an extensible operating system. SPIN provides an extension infrastructure, together with a core set of extensible services, that allow applications to safely change the operating system's interface and implementation. Ex ..."
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Cited by 461 (16 self)
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This paper describes the motivation, architecture and performance of SPIN, an extensible operating system. SPIN provides an extension infrastructure, together with a core set of extensible services, that allow applications to safely change the operating system's interface and implementation. Extensions allow an application to specialize the underlying operating system in order to achieve a particular level of performance and functionality. SPIN uses language and link-time mechanisms to inexpensively export ne-grained interfaces to operating system services. Extensions are written in a type safe language, and are dynamically linked into the operating system kernel. This approach o ers extensions rapid access to system services, while protecting the operating system code executing within the kernel address space. SPIN and its extensions are written in Modula-3 and run on DEC Alpha workstations. 1
Information and Control in Gray-Box Systems
- SOSP'01, BANFF, CANADA
, 2001
"... In modern systems, developers are often unable to modify the underlying operating system. To build services in such an environment, we advocate the use of gray-box techniques. When treating ..."
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Cited by 107 (20 self)
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In modern systems, developers are often unable to modify the underlying operating system. To build services in such an environment, we advocate the use of gray-box techniques. When treating
Bridging the Information Gap in Storage Protocol Stacks
- In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ’02
, 2002
"... The functionality and performance innovations in file systems and storage systems have proceeded largely independently from each other over the past years. The result is an information gap: neither has information about how the other is designed or implemented, which can result in a high cost of mai ..."
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Cited by 38 (6 self)
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The functionality and performance innovations in file systems and storage systems have proceeded largely independently from each other over the past years. The result is an information gap: neither has information about how the other is designed or implemented, which can result in a high cost of maintenance, poor performance, duplication of features, and limitations on functionality. To bridge this gap, we introduce and evaluate a new division of labor between the storage system and the file system. We develop an enhanced storage layer known as Exposed RAID (ERAID), which reveals information to file systems built above; specifically, ERAID exports the parallelism and failure-isolation boundaries of the storage layer, and tracks performance and failure characteristics on a fine-grained basis. To take advantage of the information made available by ERAID, we develop an Informed Log-Structured File System (ILFS). ILFS is an extension of the standard logstructured file system (LFS) that has been altered to take advantage of the performance and failure information exposed by ERAID. Experiments reveal that our prototype implementation yields benefits in the management, flexibility, reliability, and performance of the storage system, with only a small increase in file system complexity. For example, ILFS/ERAID can incorporate new disks into the system on-the-fly, dynamically balance workloads across the disks of the system, allow for user control of file replication, and delay replication of files for increased performance. Much of this functionality would be difficult or impossible to implement with the traditional division of labor between file systems and storage.
2K: A Reflective, Component-Based Operating System for Rapidly Changing Environments (Extended Abstract)
"... Modern computing environments face both low-frequency infrastructural changes, such as software and hardware upgrades, and frequent changes, such as fluctuations in the network bandwidth and CPU load. However, existing operating systems are not designed to cope with rapidly changing environments. Th ..."
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Cited by 29 (5 self)
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Modern computing environments face both low-frequency infrastructural changes, such as software and hardware upgrades, and frequent changes, such as fluctuations in the network bandwidth and CPU load. However, existing operating systems are not designed to cope with rapidly changing environments. They provide no mechanism to permit the insertion of self-adapting components that can optimize system performance according to diversity, software and hardware changes, and variations in the environment. They are not designed to accommodate dynamic updates of software, or to deal with component inter-dependence. This pa...
Smart Card Operating Systems: Past, Present and Future
- In Proceedings of the 5 th NORDU/USENIX Conference
, 2003
"... Over the last twenty years, the software in smart cards has radically changed. This has happened for several reasons, smart card software was initially rigid and monolithic and has now become more flexible with a clear separation between "operating system level" and "application l ..."
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Cited by 22 (12 self)
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Over the last twenty years, the software in smart cards has radically changed. This has happened for several reasons, smart card software was initially rigid and monolithic and has now become more flexible with a clear separation between "operating system level" and "application level" parts. What is more, application-level resources are now much more accessible (nearly to end user level). Nevertheless, smart cards have evolved separately from an ever more distributed "outside world". This paper presents two contributions to next-generation smart card operating systems. The first, called CAMILLE, relies on the exokernel approach to obtain extensibility, without compromising security, raising making operating systems accessible to application designers. The second, called AWARE, reveals the mismatch between the smart card execution model and the role it is expected to play in distributed systems.
Organizing and sharing distributed personal web-service data
- In WWW ’08: Proceeding of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web
, 2008
"... The migration from desktop applications to Web-based services is scattering personal data across a myriad of Web sites, such as Google, Flickr, YouTube, and Amazon S3. This dispersal poses new challenges for users, making it more difficult for them to: (1) organize, search, and archive their data, m ..."
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Cited by 16 (0 self)
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The migration from desktop applications to Web-based services is scattering personal data across a myriad of Web sites, such as Google, Flickr, YouTube, and Amazon S3. This dispersal poses new challenges for users, making it more difficult for them to: (1) organize, search, and archive their data, much of which is now hosted by Web sites; (2) create heterogeneous, multi-Web-service object collections and share them in a protected way; and (3) manipulate their data with standard applications or scripts. In this paper, we show that a Web-service interface supporting standardized naming, protection, and object-access services can solve these problems and can greatly simplify the creation of a new generation of object-management services for the Web. We describe the implementation of Menagerie, a proof-of-concept prototype that provides these services for Web-based applications. At a high level, Menagerie creates an integrated file and object system from heterogeneous, personal Web-service objects dispersed across the Internet. We present several object-management applications we developed on Menagerie to show the practicality and benefits of our approach.
A Survey on Customizability in Operating Systems Research
, 2002
"... An important goal of an operating system is to make computing and communication resources available in a fair and efficient way to the applications that will run on top of it. To achieve this result, the operating system implements a number of policies for allocating resources to, and sharing resour ..."
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Cited by 16 (0 self)
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An important goal of an operating system is to make computing and communication resources available in a fair and efficient way to the applications that will run on top of it. To achieve this result, the operating system implements a number of policies for allocating resources to, and sharing resources among applications, and it implements safety mechanisms to guard against misbehaving applications. However, for most of these allocation and sharing tasks, no single optimal policy exists. Different applications may prefer different operating system policies to achieve their goals in the best possible way. A customizable or adaptable operating system is an operating system that allows for flexible modification of important system policies. Over the past decade, a wide range of approaches for achieving customizability has been explored in the operating systems research community. In this survey, an overview of these approaches, structured around a taxonomy, is presented.
Pre-virtualization: soft layering for virtual machines
, 2006
"... Despite its current popularity, para-virtualization has an enormous cost. Its deviation from the platform architecture abandons many of the benefits of traditional virtualization: stable and well-defined platform interfaces, hypervisor neutrality, operating system neutrality, and upgrade neutrality ..."
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Cited by 13 (2 self)
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Despite its current popularity, para-virtualization has an enormous cost. Its deviation from the platform architecture abandons many of the benefits of traditional virtualization: stable and well-defined platform interfaces, hypervisor neutrality, operating system neutrality, and upgrade neutrality — in sum, modularity. Additionally, para-virtualization has a significant engineering cost. These limitations are accepted as inevitable for significantly better performance, and for the ability to provide virtualization-like behavior on non-virtualizable hardware such as x86. Virtualization and its modularity solve many systems problems, and when combined with the performance of para-virtualization become even more compelling. We show how to achieve both together. We still modify the guest operating system, but according to a set of design principles that avoids lock-in, which we call soft layering. Additionally, our approach is highly automated and thus reduces the implementation and maintenance burden of paravirtualization, which is especially useful for enabling obsoleted operating systems. We demonstrate soft layering on x86 and Itanium: we can load a single Linux binary on a variety of hypervisors (and thus substitute virtual machine environments and their enhancements), while achieving essentially the same performance as para-virtualization with less effort. 1.
Improving Per-Node Efficiency in the Datacenter with New OS Abstractions
"... We believe datacenters can benefit from more focus on per-node efficiency, performance, and predictability, versus the more common focus so far on scalability to a large number of nodes. Improving per-node efficiency decreases costs and fault recovery because fewer nodes are required for the same am ..."
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Cited by 10 (0 self)
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We believe datacenters can benefit from more focus on per-node efficiency, performance, and predictability, versus the more common focus so far on scalability to a large number of nodes. Improving per-node efficiency decreases costs and fault recovery because fewer nodes are required for the same amount of work. We believe that the use of complex, general-purpose operating systems is a key contributing factor to these inefficiencies. Traditional operating system abstractions are ill-suited for high performance and parallel applications, especially on large-scale SMP and many-core architectures. We propose four key ideas that help to overcome these limitations. These ideas are built on a philosophy of exposing as much information to applications as possible and giving them the tools necessary to take advantage of that information to run more efficiently. In short, high-performance applications need to be able to peer through layers of virtualization in the software stack to optimize their behavior. We explore abstractions based on these ideas and discuss how we build them in the context of a new operating system called Akaros.
