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A formal account of WS-BPEL
"... We introduce Blite, a lightweight language for web services orchestration designed around some of WS-BPEL peculiar features like partner links, process termination, message correlation, long-running business transactions and compensation handlers. Blite formal presentation helps clarifying some amb ..."
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We introduce Blite, a lightweight language for web services orchestration designed around some of WS-BPEL peculiar features like partner links, process termination, message correlation, long-running business transactions and compensation handlers. Blite formal presentation helps clarifying some ambiguous aspects of the WS-BPEL specification, which have led to engines implementing different semantics and, thus, undermined portability of WS-BPEL programs over different platforms. We illustrate the main features of Blite by means of many examples, some of which are also exploited to test and compare with each other the behaviour of three of the most known free WS-BPEL engines.
Relational analysis of correlation
- In María Alpuente and Germán Vidal, editors, The 15th International Static Analysis Symposium (SAS’08), volume 5079 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science
, 2008
"... Abstract. In service-oriented computing, correlations are used to determine links between service providers and users. A correlation contains values for some variables received in a communication. Subsequent messages will only be received when they match the values of the correlation. Correlations a ..."
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Abstract. In service-oriented computing, correlations are used to determine links between service providers and users. A correlation contains values for some variables received in a communication. Subsequent messages will only be received when they match the values of the correlation. Correlations allow for the implementation of sessions, local shared memory, gradually provided input, or input provided in arbitrary order – thus presenting a challenge to static analysis. In this work, we present a static analysis in relational form of correlations. It is defined in terms of a fragment of the process calculus COWS that itself builds on the Fusion Calculus. The analysis is implemented and practical experiments allow us to automatically establish properties of the flow of information between services. 1
From Architectural to Behavioural Specification of Services -- An implementation of SRML into COWS
, 2009
"... Many efforts are currently devoted to provide software developers with methods and techniques that can endow service-oriented computing with systematic and accountable engineering practices. To this purpose, a number of languages and calculi have been proposed within the Sensoria project that addres ..."
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Many efforts are currently devoted to provide software developers with methods and techniques that can endow service-oriented computing with systematic and accountable engineering practices. To this purpose, a number of languages and calculi have been proposed within the Sensoria project that address different levels of abstraction of the software engineering process. Here, we report on two such languages and the way they can be formally related within an integrated approach that can lead to verifiable development of service components from more abstract architectural models of business activities.
Specification and analysis of SOC systems using COWS: A finance case study 1
"... Service-oriented computing, an emerging paradigm for distributed computing based on the use of services, is calling for the development of tools and techniques to build safe and trustworthy systems, and to analyse their behaviour. Therefore many researchers have proposed to use process calculi, a co ..."
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Cited by 4 (4 self)
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Service-oriented computing, an emerging paradigm for distributed computing based on the use of services, is calling for the development of tools and techniques to build safe and trustworthy systems, and to analyse their behaviour. Therefore many researchers have proposed to use process calculi, a cornerstone of current foundational research on specification and analysis of concurrent and distributed systems. We illustrate this approach by focussing on COWS, a process calculus expressly designed for specifying and combining services, while modelling their dynamic behaviour. We present the calculus and one of the analysis techniques it enables, that is based on the temporal logic SocL and the associated model checker CMC. We demonstrate applicability of our tools by means of a large case study, from the financial domain, which is first specified in COWS, and then analysed by using SocL to express many significant properties and CMC to verify them. Keywords: Service-oriented computing, service orchestration, process calculi, logics and model checking. 1
Service discovery and negotiation with COWS
"... To provide formal foundations to current (web) services technologies, we put forward using COWS, a process calculus for specifying, combining and analysing services, as a uniform formalism for modelling all the relevant phases of the life cycle of service-oriented applications, such as publication, ..."
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Cited by 3 (2 self)
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To provide formal foundations to current (web) services technologies, we put forward using COWS, a process calculus for specifying, combining and analysing services, as a uniform formalism for modelling all the relevant phases of the life cycle of service-oriented applications, such as publication, discovery, negotiation, deployment and execution. In this paper, we show that constraints and operations on them can be smoothly incorporated in COWS, and propose a disciplined way to model multisets of constraints and to manipulate them through appropriate interaction protocols. Therefore, we demonstrate that also QoS requirement specifications and SLA achievements, and the phases of dynamic service discovery and negotiation can be comfortably modelled in COWS. We illustrate our approach through a scenario for a service-based web hosting provider.
A Symbolic Semantics for a Calculus for Service-Oriented Computing
, 2009
"... We introduce a symbolic characterisation of the operational semantics of COWS, a formal language for specifying and combining service-oriented applications, while modelling their dynamic behaviour. This alternative semantics avoids infinite representations of COWS terms due to the value-passing natu ..."
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We introduce a symbolic characterisation of the operational semantics of COWS, a formal language for specifying and combining service-oriented applications, while modelling their dynamic behaviour. This alternative semantics avoids infinite representations of COWS terms due to the value-passing nature of communication in COWS and is more amenable for automatic manipulation by analytical tools, such as e.g. equivalence and model checkers. We illustrate our approach through a ‘translation service’ scenario.
Towards a Framework for the Verification of UML Models of Services. Technical report, Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 2009. Available at http://rap. dsi.unifi.it/cows
"... Abstract. We make a connection between different layers of abstraction of the engineering process of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs) by presenting an encoding of UML4SOA, a UML profile for modeling SOAs, in COWS, a pro-cess calculus for specifying service-oriented systems. The encoding provide ..."
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Abstract. We make a connection between different layers of abstraction of the engineering process of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs) by presenting an encoding of UML4SOA, a UML profile for modeling SOAs, in COWS, a pro-cess calculus for specifying service-oriented systems. The encoding provides a rigorous semantics for UML4SOA and paves the way for the verification of UML4SOA models by exploiting the reasoning mechanisms and analysis tech-niques that are available for COWS. 1
SENSORIA: Engineering for Service-Oriented Overlay Computers. (submitted
- LudwigMaximilans-Universität München, Institut für Informatik, PST
, 2007
"... Abstract. Service-oriented computing is emerging as a new paradigm based on autonomous, platform-independent computational entities (called services) that can be described, published and categorised, and dynamically discovered and assembled, resulting in massively distributed, interoperable, evolvab ..."
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Abstract. Service-oriented computing is emerging as a new paradigm based on autonomous, platform-independent computational entities (called services) that can be described, published and categorised, and dynamically discovered and assembled, resulting in massively distributed, interoperable, evolvable systems. The IST-FET Integrated Project SENSORIA is developing a novel comprehensive approach to the engineering of service-oriented software systems where foundational theories, techniques and methods are fully integrated in a pragmatic software engineering approach. SENSORIA results comprise modelling and programming primitives for services supported by a mathematical semantics, powerful analysis and verification techniques for behavioural properties and quality of service, and model-based transformation and development techniques. We use one of our case studies, automotive systems, for illustration purposes. 1
Automated Verification of UML Models of Services
, 2009
"... Abstract. We build a bridge between different layers of abstraction of the en-gineering process of Service-Oriented Architectures. We present an encoding of the UML profile UML4SOA in the process calculus COWS and the soft-ware tool UStoC that implements the encoding. The encoding provides a rigor-o ..."
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Abstract. We build a bridge between different layers of abstraction of the en-gineering process of Service-Oriented Architectures. We present an encoding of the UML profile UML4SOA in the process calculus COWS and the soft-ware tool UStoC that implements the encoding. The encoding provides a rigor-ous semantics for UML4SOA and its implementation enables the verification of UML4SOA models of services by exploiting the tools and methodologies avail-able for COWS. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by means of the translation and analysis of an automotive scenario. 1
An Accessible Verification Environment for UML Models of Services
"... Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs) provide methods and technologies for modelling, programming and deploying software applications that can run over globally available network infrastructures. Current soft-ware engineering technologies for SOAs, however, remain at the descriptive level and lack r ..."
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Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs) provide methods and technologies for modelling, programming and deploying software applications that can run over globally available network infrastructures. Current soft-ware engineering technologies for SOAs, however, remain at the descriptive level and lack rigorous founda-tions enabling formal analysis of service-oriented models and software. To support automatised verification of service properties by relying on mathematically founded techniques, we have developed a software tool that we called Venus (Verification ENvironment for UML models of Services). Our tool takes as an in-put service models specified by UML 2.0 activity diagrams according to the profile UML4SOA, while its theoretical bases are the process calculus COWS and the temporal logic SocL. A key feature of Venus is that it provides access to verification functionalities also to those users not familiar with formal methods. Indeed, the tool works by first automatically translating UML4SOA models and natural language state-ments of service properties into, respectively, COWS terms and SocL formulae, and then by automatically model checking the formulae over the COWS terms. In this paper we present the tool, its architecture and its enabling technologies by also illustrating the verification of a classical ‘travel agency ’ scenario.