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A Short Survey of Wireless Sensor Networks, (2003)

by H Karl, A Willig
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Weighted centroid localization in Zigbee-based sensor networks.

by J Blumenthal, R Grossmann, F Golatowski, D Timmermann - In Intelligent Signal Processing, , 2007
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Abstract - Cited by 48 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
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...nditions of the environment, precalculate, aggregate, and transmit this data to a base station. Thousands of these nodes form a large wireless sensor network to monitor huge inaccessible terrains [1],=-=[2]-=-. Processor performance and available energy of each sensor node are highly limited by its physical size. Therefore, intensive communication and computation tasks are not feasible. Thereby, algorithms...

Position Estimation in ad-hoc Wireless Sensor Networks with Low Complexity

by Jan Blumenthal, Frank Reichenbach, Dirk Timmermann - in Joint 2nd Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication 2005 (WPNC 05) & 1st Ultra-Wideband Expert Talk 2005 (05 , 2005
"... Abstract−−− − In sensor networks, randomly distributed sensor nodes have to determine its own positions to assign measurements to locations. Due to limited resources of the nodes, resourceaware positioning algorithms are required. In this paper, we present a solution to minimize the positioning erro ..."
Abstract - Cited by 11 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract−−− − In sensor networks, randomly distributed sensor nodes have to determine its own positions to assign measurements to locations. Due to limited resources of the nodes, resourceaware positioning algorithms are required. In this paper, we present a solution to minimize the positioning error of the “Weighted Centroid Localization ”- algorithm (WCL) using hop count determination. Compared to other approximative algorithms, WCL achieves a remarkable average positioning error below 8%. Further, we introduce abstract distances to support different types of distance information, e.g. hop count determination or distance measurements. Finally, we present an analytical equation to compute a qualified transmission range in scenarios with hop count determination. 1
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...re conditions of the environment, precalculate, aggregate, and transmit the data to a base station. Thousands of these nodes form a large wireless sensor network to monitor huge inaccessible terrains =-=[1,2]-=-. Due to the desired node’s size of some millimeters, the dimensions of the communication module and the battery are critical. Consequently, the tightest resource within a network is the available ene...

A survey on dependable routing in sensor networks, Ad hoc networks, and cellular networks 2004

by Matthias Hollick, Ivan Martinovic, Tronje Krop, Ivica Rimac
"... The class of wireless and mobile networks features a dissimilar set of characteristics and constraints compared to traditional fixed networks. The various dimensions of these characteristics/constraints strongly influence the routing system, which is often regarded as the glue of a network. We intro ..."
Abstract - Cited by 10 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
The class of wireless and mobile networks features a dissimilar set of characteristics and constraints compared to traditional fixed networks. The various dimensions of these characteristics/constraints strongly influence the routing system, which is often regarded as the glue of a network. We introduce the concept of routing dependability describing the trustworthiness of a routing system such that reliance can justifiably be placed on the consistency of behavior and performance of the routing service delivered. We investigate this concept by analyzing the basic characteristics of various networks. Subsequently, we derive the most important attributes and impairments that contribute to routing dependability in sensor networks, ad hoc networks, and infrastructure-based cellular networks. Departing from state-of-the-art network designs, we extend our survey to cover future network architectures as well. We finish by briefly investigating possible directions and means that allow mitigating the deprivation of dependability. 1.
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...4.1. Characteristics of Sensor Networks Sensor networks are one hot topic in communication networks with a large body of related work in the area of sensor networks (we particularly recommend [1] and =-=[35]-=- for general surveys, and [36] for the focus on routing in sensor networks). Application goals often include adaptability and high sensing fidelity. The network should be fault tolerant, energy effici...

Minimal Transmission Power vs. Signal Strength as Distance Estimation for Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks

by Jan Blumenthal, Frank Reichenbach, Dirk Timmermann, Member Ieee
"... Abstract—Autonomous localization of nodes in wireless sensor networks is essential to minimize the complex selforganization task consequently and to enhance network lifetime. Known techniques such as distance estimation based on received signal strength are mostly inaccurate and strong constrained. ..."
Abstract - Cited by 7 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract—Autonomous localization of nodes in wireless sensor networks is essential to minimize the complex selforganization task consequently and to enhance network lifetime. Known techniques such as distance estimation based on received signal strength are mostly inaccurate and strong constrained. We propose a new method to measure a distance using the minimal transmission power between a transmitting node and a receiving node. The determined distance is very precise and has a low variance. It is therefore suitable for localization which is exemplary demonstrated for the approximate “Weighted Centroid Localization” algorithm.
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...e wireless sensor networks (WSN). Gathered information (e.g. temperature, humidity etc.) are transmitted in a multi-hop fashion over direct neighbors to a data sink, where the data is interpreted [1],=-=[2]-=-. With methods like self configuration and self organization, the network reacts to node failures. WSN enable new applications for timely detection of wood fire, monitoring of artificial dikes along a...

A Survey On Sensor Network

by Kazi Chandrima Rahman - ISSN
"... Abstract: Sensor networks are recently rapidly growing research area in wireless communications and distributed network. Sensor network is a densely deployed wireless network of small, low-cost sensors, which can be used in various applications like—health, environmental monitoring, military, home, ..."
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Abstract: Sensor networks are recently rapidly growing research area in wireless communications and distributed network. Sensor network is a densely deployed wireless network of small, low-cost sensors, which can be used in various applications like—health, environmental monitoring, military, home, gathering and sensing information in inhospitable locations etc. Wireless sensor networks monitor and control physical environments from remote locations. Sensor nodes suffer various energy and computational constraints for their low cost feature and ad hoc deployment method. Different application areas of sensor networks consist different technical issues and researchers are currently shedding their lights to resolving these issues. The prominent deficiencies are: energy efficient routing, protocols, localization algorithms and system design. This survey paper will cover up all these open research issues as well as their solutions and will point out and depicts all important fields of sensor networks.
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...rking protocols, communicates power efficientlysthrough the wireless medium, and promotes co-operativesefforts of sensor nodes. The protocol stack consists application and energy driven point of view =-=[4]-=-, the layers are --sthe physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transportslayer, application layer, power management plane, mobilitysmanagement plane, and task management plane [2].sEach layer...

Power Management in Mobile and Pervasive Computing Systems

by G. Anastasi, M. Conti, A. Passarella - Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless and Mobile Networks, Azzedine Boukerche (Editor , 2005
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Abstract - Cited by 6 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
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On Wireless Sensor Networks: Architectures, Protocols, Applications, and Management

by Yazeed Al-obaisat, Robin Braun , 2005
"... With the recent technological advances in wireless commu-nications, integrated digital circuits, and micro electro me-chanical systems (MEMS); development of wireless sensor networks has been enabled and become dramatically feasible. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are large networks made of a numer ..."
Abstract - Cited by 5 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
With the recent technological advances in wireless commu-nications, integrated digital circuits, and micro electro me-chanical systems (MEMS); development of wireless sensor networks has been enabled and become dramatically feasible. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are large networks made of a numerous number of sensor nodes with sensing, com-putation, and wireless communications capabilities. Many various routing, power management, and data dissemina-tion protocols have been designed for wireless sensor net-works (WSNs) dependent on both the network architecture and the applications that it is designed for. In this paper, we present the state of the art of wireless sensor networks’ architecture and design features. Also, in this paper, we in-troduce recent work on routing protocols for WSNs and their design goals and challenges. Also, an overview of the appli-cation that WSNs assist in is presented. Finally, several open research questions of wireless sensor networks man-agement and issues are suggested and put forward. 1

Distributed Grid based Robust Clustering Protocol for Mobile Sensor Networks

by Shahzad Ali, Sajjad Madani , 2009
"... Abstract: This paper presents a distributed grid based robust clustering protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks. An overwhelming majority of current research on sensor network routing protocols considers static networks only, while we consider mobile environment. grid based robust clustering i ..."
Abstract - Cited by 3 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract: This paper presents a distributed grid based robust clustering protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks. An overwhelming majority of current research on sensor network routing protocols considers static networks only, while we consider mobile environment. grid based robust clustering is a distributed location based, energy aware clustering protocol designed for mobile sensor networks. grid based robust clustering utilizes node's location information during cluster head selection and introduces a new parameter called center-ness. It also has a recovery mechanism to decrease packet loss during inter-cluster communication. Simulation results show that grid based robust clustering incurs less packet loss, results in high packet delivery ratio, and exhibits robustness against moderate to high mobility of nodes.
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...col that minimizes packet loss, shows robustness against moderate to high mobility of nodes, and exhibits energy aware operation. Hierarchical routing has been widely investigated for ad hoc networks =-=[1, 3, 7, 9, 13, 16, 24, 25]-=- due to their energy efficiency and scalability. The main theme of hierarchical routing is to perform clustering. Clustering starts with selecting a set of cluster heads from a set of nodes in the net...

Low-cost optical indoor localization system for mobile objects without image processing

by Ralf Salomon, Daniel Wehden, Matthias Schneider - in Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Emerging Techonologies and Factory Automation (ETFA
"... While being very successful in everyday life, GPSbased localization systems exhibit limited performance under trees, behind walls, and in closed rooms, and sometimes induce costs that are way too high to be acceptable for some applications. This paper addresses these problems by exploring an alterna ..."
Abstract - Cited by 3 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
While being very successful in everyday life, GPSbased localization systems exhibit limited performance under trees, behind walls, and in closed rooms, and sometimes induce costs that are way too high to be acceptable for some applications. This paper addresses these problems by exploring an alternative localization system, which is based on image processing and does most of the processing in analog. Because of its low-cost and lowenergy properties, this system might also be interesting for other application areas, such as sensor networks. 1.
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...rain care [6, 4], for example, have developed a grainbutler that requires a localization precision of about 40 cm in closed rooms of 50 × 50 m in size at a cost of less than 1000 USD. Sensor networks =-=[1, 3]-=- are an application area with similar requirements. A sensor network consists of a huge number of tiny sensor nodes, which are usually randomly distributed over an area of interest. Due to the vast nu...

Distributed Efficient Multi Hop Clustering Protocol for Mobile Sensor Networks

by Shahzad Ali, Sajjad Madani , 2009
"... Abstract: This paper presents a Distributed Efficient Multi hop Clustering (DEMC) protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks. An overwhelming majority of current research on sensor networks considers static networks only, while we consider mobile environment. DEMC is distributed, works well with m ..."
Abstract - Cited by 3 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract: This paper presents a Distributed Efficient Multi hop Clustering (DEMC) protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks. An overwhelming majority of current research on sensor networks considers static networks only, while we consider mobile environment. DEMC is distributed, works well with mobile nodes, and has a recovery mechanism that is used to reduce the packet loss during inter cluster communication. The recovery mechanism also improves the connectivity between cluster heads during inter cluster communication. On average, each node sends less than one message during clustering, and does not rely on periodic hello messages. As a result reducing number of transmissions leads to energy efficiency. Simulation results show that DEMC is energy efficient, incurs less packet loss, increases packet delivery ratio, and exhibits robustness against moderate to high mobility of nodes.
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...constrained resources. Secondly, frequent path failures drive recovery mechanisms that are energy consuming. Some routing protocols assume that each sensor node can directly send data to base station =-=[7, 10, 19]-=-, which is not a realistic assumption because it is restricted by limited energy, regulatory authorities, and scalability issues. Therefore, multi hop communication paradigm is used. But multi-hop str...

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