Image geo-localization is an important problem with many applica-tions such as augmented reality and navigation. The most common ways to geo-localize an image are to use its meta-data such as GPS or to match it against a geo-tagged database. When neither of those is available, it is still possible to apply shadow analysis to determine the camera heading for outdoor images. This could be useful prun-ing the search space in geo-localization applications, for example by removing roads with incompatible orientations from a database such as Open Street Map. In this paper, we develop a novel interactive method for deducing the global heading of a query image using the shadows in it. We start by constructing a model of the sun-earth system to determine all shadows possible at a given approximate lat-itude, and compare shadows within the query to those possible under the model to determine the range of possible headings. We demon-strate this on 54 query images with known ground truth, and show that in 52 cases the ground truth lies in the computed range. 1.

SUMMARY: Construction productivity issues in the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) construction industry can lead to project cost blowouts. Time wasted by construction personnel getting the right information on megaprojects can be a substantial contributing factor. It appears that the traditional method of communication on site is not cost effective, judging by the number of large project that have experienced budget overruns in the past. The concept framework defined in this research paper will form the basis for a scientific validation that aims to support the hypothesis that productivity can be substantially improved in the LNG construction industry. The approach is based on a novel context-aware mobile computing framework that integrates innovate concepts and technologies including but not limited to Information Communication Technology (ICT), Building Information Modeling (BIM), advanced visualization, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and laser scanning. The integration of these technologies in a cohesive dynamically updated database combined with real time visualisation will give construction personnel a superior advantage compared to current practice; site personnel