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A Conceptual Framework and a Toolkit for Supporting the Rapid Prototyping of Context-Aware Applications
, 2001
"... Computing devices and applications are now used beyond the desktop, in diverse environments, and this trend toward ubiquitous computing is accelerating. One challenge that remains in this emerging research field is the ability to enhance the behavior of any application by informing it of the context ..."
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Cited by 906 (28 self)
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Computing devices and applications are now used beyond the desktop, in diverse environments, and this trend toward ubiquitous computing is accelerating. One challenge that remains in this emerging research field is the ability to enhance the behavior of any application by informing it of the context of its use. By context, we refer to any information that characterizes a situation related to the interaction between humans, applications and the surrounding environment. Context-aware applications promise richer and easier interaction, but the current state of research in this field is still far removed from that vision. This is due to three main problems: (1) the notion of context is still ill defined; (2) there is a lack of conceptual models and methods to help drive the design of context-aware applications; and (3) no tools are available to jump-start the development of context-aware applications. In this paper, we address these three problems in turn. We first define context, identify categories of contextual information, and characterize context-aware application behavior. Though the full impact of context-aware computing requires understanding very subtle and high-level notions of context, we are focusing our efforts on the pieces of context that can be inferred automatically from sensors in a physical environment. We then present a conceptual framework that separates the acquisition and representation of context from the delivery and reaction to context by a contextaware application. We have built a toolkit, the Context Toolkit, that instantiates this conceptual framework and supports the rapid development of a rich space of context-aware applications. We illustrate the usefulness of the conceptual framework by describing a number of contextaware applications that h...
Understanding and Using Context
- Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
, 2001
"... Context is a poorly used source of information in our computing environments. As a result, we have an impoverished understanding of what context is and how it can be used. In this paper, we provide an operational definition of context and discuss the different ways that context can be used by contex ..."
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Cited by 865 (0 self)
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Context is a poorly used source of information in our computing environments. As a result, we have an impoverished understanding of what context is and how it can be used. In this paper, we provide an operational definition of context and discuss the different ways that context can be used by context-aware applications. We also present the Context Toolkit, an architecture that supports the building of these context-aware applications. We discuss the features and abstractions in the toolkit that make the task of building applications easier. Finally, we introduce a new abstraction, a situation, which we believe will provide additional support to application designers. 1. Introduction Humans are quite successful at conveying ideas to each other and reacting appropriately. This is due to many factors: the richness of the language they share, the common understanding of how the world works, and an implicit understanding of everyday situations. When humans talk with humans, they are able...
A survey of context-aware mobile computing research
, 2000
"... Context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover and take advantage of contextual information (such as user location, time of day, nearby people and devices, and user activity). Since it was proposed about a decade ago, many researchers have studied this topi ..."
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Cited by 692 (2 self)
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Context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover and take advantage of contextual information (such as user location, time of day, nearby people and devices, and user activity). Since it was proposed about a decade ago, many researchers have studied this topic and built several context-aware applications to demonstrate the usefulness of this new technology. Context-aware applications (or the system infrastructure to support them), however, have never been widely available to everyday users. In this survey of research on context-aware systems and applications, we looked in depth at the types of context used and models of context information, at systems that support collecting and disseminating context, and at applications that adapt to the changing context. Through this survey, it is clear that context-aware research is an old but rich area for research. The difficulties and possible solutions we outline serve as guidance for researchers hoping to make context-aware computing a reality.
An Ontology-based Context Model in Intelligent Environments
- IN PROCEEDINGS OF COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS MODELING AND SIMULATION CONFERENCE
, 2004
"... Computing becomes increasingly mobile and pervasive today; these changes imply that applications and services must be aware of and adapt to their changing contexts in highly dynamic environments. Today, building context-aware systems is a complex task due to lack of an appropriate infrastructure sup ..."
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Cited by 81 (1 self)
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Computing becomes increasingly mobile and pervasive today; these changes imply that applications and services must be aware of and adapt to their changing contexts in highly dynamic environments. Today, building context-aware systems is a complex task due to lack of an appropriate infrastructure support in intelligent environments. A context-aware infrastructure requires an appropriate context model to represent, manipulate and access context information. In this paper, we propose a formal context model based on ontology using OWL to address issues including semantic context representation, context reasoning and knowledge sharing, context classification, context dependency and quality of context. The main benefit of this model is the ability to reason about various contexts. Based on our context model, we also present a Service-Oriented Context-Aware Middleware (SOCAM) architecture for building of context-aware services.
A data-oriented survey of context models
- ACM SIGMOD Record
, 2007
"... Context-aware systems are pervading everyday life, therefore context modeling is becoming a relevant issue and an expanding research field. This survey has the goal to provide a comprehensive evaluation framework, allowing application designers to compare context models with respect to a given targe ..."
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Cited by 75 (8 self)
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Context-aware systems are pervading everyday life, therefore context modeling is becoming a relevant issue and an expanding research field. This survey has the goal to provide a comprehensive evaluation framework, allowing application designers to compare context models with respect to a given target application; in particular we stress the analysis of those features which are relevant for the problem of data tailoring. The contribution of this paper is twofold: a general analysis framework for context models and an upto-date comparison of the most interesting, data-oriented approaches available in the literature. 1.
Efficient semantic service discovery in pervasive computing environments
- In Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 7th International Middleware Conference
, 2006
"... Abstract. Service-oriented architectures, and notably Web Services, are becoming an incontrovertible paradigm for the development of applications in pervasive computing environments, as they enable publishing and consuming heterogeneous networked software and hardware resources. Combined with Semant ..."
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Cited by 70 (20 self)
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Abstract. Service-oriented architectures, and notably Web Services, are becoming an incontrovertible paradigm for the development of applications in pervasive computing environments, as they enable publishing and consuming heterogeneous networked software and hardware resources. Combined with Semantic Web technologies, in particular ontologies, Web services ’ descriptions can be unambiguously and automatically interpreted in open pervasive computing environments, where agreement on a single common syntactic standard for identifying service semantics cannot be assumed. Nevertheless, efficient matching of semantic Web services to effectively automate the discovery and further consumption of networked resources remains an open issue, which is mainly attributable to the costly underlying semantic reasoning. After analyzing the cost of ontology-based semantic reasoning, which is at the heart of the matching process, we propose a solution towards efficient matching of semantic Web services. We have further incorporated our solution into a service discovery protocol aimed at open pervasive computing environments that integrate heterogeneous wireless network technologies (i.e., ad hoc and infrastructure-based networking). Experimental results show that our solution enables better response times than of classical syntactic-based service discovery protocols. 1
A Middleware for Building Context-Aware Mobile Services
- In Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC
, 2004
"... Computing becomes increasingly mobile and pervasive today; these changes imply that applications and services must be aware and adapt to highly dynamic environments. Today, building context-aware mobile services is a complex and timeconsuming task. In this paper, we present a Service-oriented Contex ..."
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Cited by 65 (1 self)
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Computing becomes increasingly mobile and pervasive today; these changes imply that applications and services must be aware and adapt to highly dynamic environments. Today, building context-aware mobile services is a complex and timeconsuming task. In this paper, we present a Service-oriented Context-Aware Middleware (SOCAM) architecture for the building and rapid prototyping of context-aware mobile services. We propose an ontology-based approach to model various contexts. Our context model supports semantic representation, context reasoning and context knowledge sharing. We take a service-oriented approach to build our middleware which supports tasks including acquiring, discovering, interpreting, accessing various contexts and interoperability between different context-aware systems.
Explanation-Based Learning
, 2004
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Cited by 62 (5 self)
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kinshuk@ieee.org. A Study of Contextualised Mobile Information Delivery for Language
ContextUML: a UML-based modeling language for model-driven development of context-aware web services
- In: The 4th International Conference on Mobile Business
, 2005
"... Context-aware Web services are emerging as a promising technology for the electronic businesses in mobile and pervasive environments. Unfortunately, complex contextaware services are still hard to build. In this paper, we present a modeling language for the model-driven development of context-aware ..."
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Cited by 53 (2 self)
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Context-aware Web services are emerging as a promising technology for the electronic businesses in mobile and pervasive environments. Unfortunately, complex contextaware services are still hard to build. In this paper, we present a modeling language for the model-driven development of context-aware Web services based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Specifically, we show how UML can be used to specify information related to syntax and notation of the language and illustrate its usage using an example service. Our language offers significant design flexibility that considerably simplifies the development of context-aware Web services. 1.
