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106
Wireless structural health monitoring system with multithreaded sensing devices: design and validation", Structure and Inf
- Engineering
, 2007
"... Structural health monitoring (SHM) has become an important research problem which has the potential to monitor and ensure the performance and safety of civil structures. Traditional wire-based SHM systems require significant time and cost for cable installation. With the recent advances in wireless ..."
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Cited by 49 (20 self)
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Structural health monitoring (SHM) has become an important research problem which has the potential to monitor and ensure the performance and safety of civil structures. Traditional wire-based SHM systems require significant time and cost for cable installation. With the recent advances in wireless communication technology, wireless SHM systems have emerged as a promising alternative solution for rapid, accurate and low-cost structural monitoring. This paper presents a newly designed integrated wireless monitoring system that supports real-time data acquisition from multiple wireless sensing units. The selected wireless transceiver consumes relatively low power and supports long-distance peer-to-peer communication. In addition to hardware, embedded multithreaded software is also designed as an integral component of the proposed wireless monitoring system. A direct result of the multithreaded software paradigm is a wireless sensing unit capable of simultaneous data collection, data interrogation and wireless transmission. A reliable data communication protocol is designed and implemented, enabling robust real-time and near-synchronized data acquisition from multiple wireless sensing units. An integrated prototype system has been fabricated, assembled, and validated in both laboratory tests and in a large-scale field test conducted upon the Geumdang Bridge in
Energy Harvesting for Structural Health Monitoring Sensor Networks
- Journal of Infrastructure Systems
, 2008
"... This paper reviews the development of energy harvesting for low-power embedded structural health monitoring (SHM) sensing systems. A statistical pattern recognition paradigm for SHM is first presented and the concept of energy harvesting for embedded sensing systems is addressed with respect to the ..."
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Cited by 44 (3 self)
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This paper reviews the development of energy harvesting for low-power embedded structural health monitoring (SHM) sensing systems. A statistical pattern recognition paradigm for SHM is first presented and the concept of energy harvesting for embedded sensing systems is addressed with respect to the data acquisition portion of this paradigm. Next, various existing and emerging sensing modalities used for SHM and their respective power requirements are summarized followed by a discussion of SHM sensor network paradigms, power requirements for these networks and power optimization strategies. Various approaches to energy harvesting and energy storage are discussed and limitations associated with the current technology are addressed. The paper concludes by defining some future research directions that are aimed at transitioning the concept of energy harvesting for embedded SHM sensing systems from laboratory research to field-deployed engineering prototypes. Finally, it is noted that much of the technology discussed herein is applicable to powering any type of low-power embedded sensing system regardless of the application. 1.
A Survey of Energy Harvesting Sources for Embedded Systems”, In:
- Proceedings of IEEE Southeastcon,
, 2008
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Review of Guided-wave Structural Health Monitoring
, 2007
"... In this paper we present the state of the art in the field of guided-wave structural health monitoring (SHM). We begin with an overview of damage prognosis, and a description of the basic methodology of guided-wave SHM. We then review developments from the open literature in various aspects of this ..."
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Cited by 34 (0 self)
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In this paper we present the state of the art in the field of guided-wave structural health monitoring (SHM). We begin with an overview of damage prognosis, and a description of the basic methodology of guided-wave SHM. We then review developments from the open literature in various aspects of this truly multidisciplinary field. First, we discuss different transducer technologies, including both piezoelectric and non-conventional popular and non-conventional piezoelectric transducers. Next, we examine guided-wave theory, tracing its early history down to modern developments. Following this, we detail the efforts into models for guided-wave excitation by SHM transducers. Then, we review several signal processing related works. The next topic in Section 6 is guided-wave SHM system development, and we explore various packaging ideas, integrated
Comparison of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices for Recharging Batteries
- Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures
, 2005
"... ABSTRACT: Piezoelectric materials can be used as a means of transforming ambient vibrations into electrical energy that can then be stored and used to power other devices. With the recent surge of microscale devices, piezoelectric power generation can provide a convenient alternative to traditional ..."
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Cited by 33 (4 self)
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ABSTRACT: Piezoelectric materials can be used as a means of transforming ambient vibrations into electrical energy that can then be stored and used to power other devices. With the recent surge of microscale devices, piezoelectric power generation can provide a convenient alternative to traditional power sources used to operate certain types of sensors/actuators, telemetry, and MEMS devices. However, the energy produced by these materials is in many cases far too small to directly power an electrical device. Therefore, much of the research into power harvesting has focused on methods of accumulating the energy until a sufficient amount is present, allowing the intended electronics to be powered. In a recent study by Sodano et al. (2004a) the ability to take the energy generated through the vibration of a piezoelectric material was shown to be capable of recharging a discharged nickel metal hydride battery. In the present study, three types of piezoelectric devices are investigated and experimentally tested to determine each of their abilities to transform ambient vibration into electrical energy and their capability to recharge a discharged battery. The three types of piezoelectric devices tested are the commonly used monolithic piezoceramic material lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT), the bimorph Quick Pack (QP) actuator, and the macro-fiber composite (MFC). The experimental results estimate the efficiency of the three devices tested and identify the feasibility of their use in practical applications. Different capacity batteries are recharged using each device, to determine the charge time and maximum capacity battery that can be charged. The results presented in this article provide a means of choosing the piezoelectric device to be used and estimate the amount of time required to recharge a specific capacity battery.
Generation and storage of electricity from power harvesting devices
- Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures
, 2005
"... ABSTRACT: The concept of capturing the normally lost energy surrounding a system and converting it into electrical energy that can be used to extend the lifetime of that system’s power supply or possibly provide an endless supply of energy to an electronic device has captivated many researchers and ..."
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Cited by 30 (6 self)
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ABSTRACT: The concept of capturing the normally lost energy surrounding a system and converting it into electrical energy that can be used to extend the lifetime of that system’s power supply or possibly provide an endless supply of energy to an electronic device has captivated many researchers and has brought forth a growing amount of attention to power harvesting. One of the most common methods of obtaining the energy surrounding a system is to use piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric materials have a crystalline structure that provides a unique ability to convert an applied electrical potential into a mechanical strain or vice versa, or convert an applied strain into an electrical current. The latter of these two properties allows the material to function as a power harvesting medium. In most cases the piezoelectric material is strained through the ambient vibration around the structure, thus allowing a frequently unused energy source to be utilized for the purpose of powering small electronic systems. However, the amount of energy generated by these piezoelectric materials is far smaller than that needed by most electronic devices. For this reason, the methods of accumulating and storing the energy generated, until sufficient power has been captured, is the key to developing completely self-powered systems. This article quantifies the amount of
health
"... A health information infrastructure enabling secure ..."
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Cited by 27 (0 self)
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A health information infrastructure enabling secure
Comparison of energy harvesting systems for wireless sensor networks
- International Journal of Automation and Computing
, 2008
"... Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) offer an attractive solution to many environmental, security, and process monitoring problems. However, one barrier to their fuller adoption is the need to supply electrical power over extended periods of time without the need for dedicated wiring. Energy ha ..."
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Cited by 21 (0 self)
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Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) offer an attractive solution to many environmental, security, and process monitoring problems. However, one barrier to their fuller adoption is the need to supply electrical power over extended periods of time without the need for dedicated wiring. Energy harvesting provides a potential solution to this problem in many applications. This paper reviews the characteristics and energy requirements of typical sensor network nodes, assesses a range of potential ambient energy sources, and outlines the characteristics of a wide range of energy conversion devices. It then proposes a method to compare these diverse sources and conversion mechanisms in terms of their normalised power density. Keywords: Energy harvesting, energy scavenging, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy management
Design of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems: A Topology Optimization Approach Based
- on Multilayer Plates and Shells, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures
, 2009
"... ABSTRACT: We develop a computational approach to analyze and design piezoelectric energy harvesting systems composed of layered plates and shells connected to an electrical circuit. The finite element method is used to model the coupled electromechanics of the piezo-electric harvesting structure and ..."
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Cited by 13 (0 self)
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ABSTRACT: We develop a computational approach to analyze and design piezoelectric energy harvesting systems composed of layered plates and shells connected to an electrical circuit. The finite element method is used to model the coupled electromechanics of the piezo-electric harvesting structure and a lumped parameter model for the dynamics of the electrical circuit. We assume the harvester is subjected to a prescribed harmonic base excitation and that the structural and electrical responses are linear. We use topology optimization to design the layout of a multilayer structure consisting of structural, piezoelectric, and electrode layers, as well as the electrical circuit. The flexibility of our formalism admits the definition of specific system-level objectives, e.g., maximize the power harvested, in an algebraic fashion. After describing our analysis and design approaches, we present examples that demonstrate the versatility of our approach and show how it can be used to explore general behavior and develop overarching design principles for piezoelectric energy harvesting devices. For the objective of maximizing the power harvested, we investigate: (i) optimal designs for various piezoelectric to substrate thickness ratios, (ii) the effect of mass loading on optimal design, and (iii) the sensitivity of designs to shape variations. Key Words: energy harvesting, optimization, piezoelectric.
N A Kotov, ‘Inductively coupled nanocomposite wireless strain and pH
- sensors’, Smart Structures and Systems, Vol 4, No 5
, 2008
"... Abstract. Recently, dense sensor instrumentation for structural health monitoring has motivated the need for novel passive wireless sensors that do not require a portable power source, such as batteries. Using a layer-by-layer self-assembly process, nano-structured multifunctional carbon nanotube-ba ..."
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Cited by 10 (1 self)
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Abstract. Recently, dense sensor instrumentation for structural health monitoring has motivated the need for novel passive wireless sensors that do not require a portable power source, such as batteries. Using a layer-by-layer self-assembly process, nano-structured multifunctional carbon nanotube-based thin film sensors of controlled morphology are fabricated. Through judicious selection of polyelectrolytic constituents, specific sensing transduction mechanisms can be encoded within these homogenous thin films. In this study, the thin films are specifically designed to change electrical properties to strain and pH stimulus. Validation of wireless communications is performed using traditional magnetic coil antennas of various turns for passive RFID (radio frequency identification) applications. Preliminary experimental results shown in this study have identified characteristic frequency and bandwidth changes in tandem with varying strain and pH, respectively. Finally, ongoing research is presented on the use of gold nanocolloids and carbon nanotubes during layer-by-layer assembly to fabricate highly conductive coil antennas for wireless communications.
